Paul Ashwood

Title(s)Professor, MED: Medical Microbiology & Imm
SchoolSchool of Medicine
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    Title(s)Professor in Residence, MED: Medical Microbiology & Imm


    Collapse Research 
    Collapse Research Activities and Funding
    Immune regulation and autism
    NIH R01MH118209Aug 1, 2019 - Apr 30, 2024
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Immune regulation and gastrointestinal co-morbidity in autism spectrum disorders
    NIH R01HD090214Sep 1, 2018 - May 31, 2023
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Maternal asthma and brain development
    NIH R21MH116383Apr 1, 2018 - Feb 28, 2021
    Role: Principal Investigator
    The effects of environmental air pollutants on maternal allergic asthma and its neurobiological consequences
    NIH R21ES025560Aug 1, 2017 - Jul 31, 2020
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Immune regulation and neurodevelopmental disorders
    NIH R21HD086669Jul 5, 2016 - Jun 30, 2019
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Gene Expression and Immune Cell Function in Mothers of Children with Autism
    NIH R21HD065269Sep 30, 2009 - Aug 31, 2011
    Role: Co-Principal Investigator

    Collapse Bibliographic 
    Collapse Publications
    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Researchers can login to make corrections and additions, or contact us for help. to make corrections and additions.
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    Altmetrics Details PMC Citations indicate the number of times the publication was cited by articles in PubMed Central, and the Altmetric score represents citations in news articles and social media. (Note that publications are often cited in additional ways that are not shown here.) Fields are based on how the National Library of Medicine (NLM) classifies the publication's journal and might not represent the specific topic of the publication. Translation tags are based on the publication type and the MeSH terms NLM assigns to the publication. Some publications (especially newer ones and publications not in PubMed) might not yet be assigned Field or Translation tags.) Click a Field or Translation tag to filter the publications.
    1. The association of maternal COVID-19-infection during pregnancy on the neonatal immune profile and associations with later diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders. Brain Behav Immun. 2024 Nov 10; 123:1071-1080. Kim DH, Croen LA, Iosif AM, Ames JL, Alexeeff S, Qian Y, Yolken RH, Ashwood P, Van de Water J. PMID: 39532198.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    2. Negative effect of treatment with mGluR5 negative allosteric modulator AFQ056 on blood biomarkers in young individuals with Fragile X syndrome. SAGE Open Med. 2024; 12:20503121241282401. Protic D, Breeze E, Mendoza G, Zafarullah M, Abbeduto L, Hagerman R, Coffey C, Cudkowicz M, Durbin-Johnson B, Ashwood P, Berry-Kravis E, Erickson CA, Filipink R, Gropman A, Lehwald L, Maxwell-Horn A, Morris S, Bennett AP, Prock L, Talboy A, Tartaglia N, Veenstra-VanderWeele J, Tassone F. PMID: 39483619; PMCID: PMC11526204.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    3. Repeated LPS induces training and tolerance of microglial responses across brain regions. J Neuroinflammation. 2024 Sep 20; 21(1):233. Kim J, Sullivan O, Lee K, Jao J, Tamayo J, Madany AM, Wong B, Ashwood P, Ciernia AV. PMID: 39304952; PMCID: PMC11414187.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    4. Cord blood cytokine profiles in children later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder: Results from the prospective MARBLES study. Brain Behav Immun. 2024 Nov; 122:339-344. Moreno RJ, Rose DR, Tancredi DJ, Schmidt RJ, Ozonoff SJ, Ashwood P. PMID: 39163910.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    5. Evidence supporting the relationship between maternal asthma and risk for autism spectrum disorders. Neural Regen Res. 2025 Apr 01; 20(4):1101-1102. Osman H, Ashwood P. PMID: 38989950; PMCID: PMC11438343.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    6. Altered cytokine and chemokine profile linked to autoantibody and pathogen reactivity in mothers of autistic children. Front Psychiatry. 2024; 15:1348092. McLellan J, Croen L, Iosif AM, Yoshida C, Ashwood P, Yolken RH, Van de Water J. PMID: 38840945; PMCID: PMC11150845.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    7. Impact of maternal immune activation and sex on placental and fetal brain cytokine and gene expression profiles in a preclinical model of neurodevelopmental disorders. J Neuroinflammation. 2024 May 07; 21(1):118. Osman HC, Moreno R, Rose D, Rowland ME, Ciernia AV, Ashwood P. PMID: 38715090; PMCID: PMC11077729.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    8. Differences in mid-gestational and early postnatal neonatal cytokines and chemokines are associated with patterns of maternal autoantibodies in the context of autism. Cereb Cortex. 2024 May 02; 34(13):50-62. McLellan J, Croen LA, Iosif AM, Ashwood P, Yoshida C, Berger K, Van de Water J. PMID: 38696596; PMCID: PMC11065110.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    9. Though shall not pass: Blocking lymphocytes from recirculating to the gut as a potential therapeutic approach for autism. Brain Behav Immun. 2024 02; 116:402-403. Ashwood P. PMID: 38157947.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    10. Potential role of anti-Idiotype responses on the neurological effects of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). Brain Behav Immun. 2024 02; 116:317-320. Murphy WJ, Collins CP, Ashwood P. PMID: 38123027.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    11. The influence of asthma on neuroinflammation and neurodevelopment: From epidemiology to basic models. Brain Behav Immun. 2024 02; 116:218-228. Tamayo JM, Osman HC, Schwartzer JJ, Ashwood P. PMID: 38070621.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    12. FOXO inhibition rescues α-defensin expression in human intestinal organoids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2023 Nov 21; 120(47):e2312453120. Eng SJ, Nonnecke EB, de Lorimier AJ, Ali MR, Tsolis RM, Bevins CL, Ashwood P. PMID: 37956278; PMCID: PMC10666032.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    13. Mixture of air pollution, brominated flame retardants, polychlorinated biphenyls, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, and organochlorine pesticides in relation to vitamin D concentrations in pregnancy. Environ Pollut. 2024 Jan 01; 340(Pt 2):122808. Berger K, Bradshaw PT, Poon V, Kharrazi M, Eyles D, Ashwood P, Lyall K, Volk HE, Ames J, Croen LA, Windham GC, Pearl M. PMID: 37923052; PMCID: PMC10841600.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:HumansPHPublic Health
    14. Characterizing the neuroimmune environment of offspring in a novel model of maternal allergic asthma and particulate matter exposure. J Neuroinflammation. 2023 Nov 02; 20(1):252. Tamayo JM, Osman HC, Schwartzer JJ, Pinkerton KE, Ashwood P. PMID: 37919762; PMCID: PMC10621097.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    15. Ex vivo exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) selectively affects the immune response in autistic children. Brain Behav Immun Health. 2023 Dec; 34:100697. Akintunde ME, Lin YP, Krakowiak P, Pessah IN, Hertz-Picciotto I, Puschner B, Ashwood P, Van de Water J. PMID: 38020477; PMCID: PMC10654005.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    16. Inflammatory Conditions During Pregnancy and Risk of Autism and Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Biol Psychiatry Glob Open Sci. 2024 Jan; 4(1):39-50. Croen LA, Ames JL, Qian Y, Alexeeff S, Ashwood P, Gunderson EP, Wu YW, Boghossian AS, Yolken R, Van de Water J, Weiss LA. PMID: 38045769; PMCID: PMC10689278.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4  
    17. Characterizing the Neuroimmune Environment of Offspring in a Novel Model of Maternal Allergic Asthma and Particulate Matter Exposure. Res Sq. 2023 Jul 10. Tamayo JM, Osman HC, Schwartzer JJ, Pinkerton K, Ashwood P. PMID: 37503062; PMCID: PMC10371118.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    18. Neonatal immune signatures differ by sex regardless of neurodevelopmental disorder status: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) alone reveals a sex by diagnosis interaction effect. Brain Behav Immun. 2023 07; 111:328-333. Kim DHJ, Iosif AM, Ramirez-Celis A, Ashwood P, Ames JL, Lyall K, Berger K, Croen LA, Van de Water J. PMID: 37164311; PMCID: PMC10796272.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    19. Preliminary Findings of Elevated Inflammatory Plasma Cytokines in Children with Autism Who Have Co-Morbid Gastrointestinal Symptoms. Biomedicines. 2023 Feb 02; 11(2). Ashwood P. PMID: 36830973; PMCID: PMC9952966.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3  
    20. Evidence of innate immune dysfunction in first-episode psychosis patients with accompanying mood disorder. J Neuroinflammation. 2022 Dec 03; 19(1):287. Hughes HK, Yang H, Lesh TA, Carter CS, Ashwood P. PMID: 36463221; PMCID: PMC9719666.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    21. Prenatal Maternal Antibiotics Treatment Alters the Gut Microbiota and Immune Function of Post-Weaned Prepubescent Offspring. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Oct 25; 23(21). Madany AM, Hughes HK, Ashwood P. PMID: 36361666; PMCID: PMC9655507.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    22. Global metabolic profiles in a non-human primate model of maternal immune activation: implications for neurodevelopmental disorders. Mol Psychiatry. 2022 12; 27(12):4959-4973. Boktor JC, Adame MD, Rose DR, Schumann CM, Murray KD, Bauman MD, Careaga M, Mazmanian SK, Ashwood P, Needham BD. PMID: 36028571; PMCID: PMC9772216.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    23. Maternal Allergic Asthma Induces Prenatal Neuroinflammation. Brain Sci. 2022 Aug 05; 12(8). Tamayo JM, Rose D, Church JS, Schwartzer JJ, Ashwood P. PMID: 36009104; PMCID: PMC9405898.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 14  
    24. Maternal autoantibody profiles as biomarkers for ASD and ASD with co-occurring intellectual disability. Mol Psychiatry. 2022 09; 27(9):3760-3767. Ramirez-Celis A, Croen LA, Yoshida CK, Alexeeff SE, Schauer J, Yolken RH, Ashwood P, Van de Water J. PMID: 35618885; PMCID: PMC9708563.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 11     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    25. Antibiotic Treatment during Pregnancy Alters Offspring Gut Microbiota in a Sex-Dependent Manner. Biomedicines. 2022 Apr 30; 10(5). Madany AM, Hughes HK, Ashwood P. PMID: 35625778; PMCID: PMC9138679.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3  
    26. Increased Monocyte Production of IL-6 after Toll-like Receptor Activation in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Is Associated with Repetitive and Restricted Behaviors. Brain Sci. 2022 Feb 05; 12(2). Hughes HK, Onore CE, Careaga M, Rogers SJ, Ashwood P. PMID: 35203983; PMCID: PMC8870658.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5  
    27. Dysregulated gene expression associated with inflammatory and translation pathways in activated monocytes from children with autism spectrum disorder. Transl Psychiatry. 2022 01 26; 12(1):39. Hughes HK, Rowland ME, Onore CE, Rogers S, Ciernia AV, Ashwood P. PMID: 35082275; PMCID: PMC8791942.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 13     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    28. The Autism Phenome Project: Toward Identifying Clinically Meaningful Subgroups of Autism. Front Neurosci. 2021; 15:786220. Nordahl CW, Andrews DS, Dwyer P, Waizbard-Bartov E, Restrepo B, Lee JK, Heath B, Saron C, Rivera SM, Solomon M, Ashwood P, Amaral DG. PMID: 35110990; PMCID: PMC8801875.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 11  
    29. Sex disparate gut microbiome and metabolome perturbations precede disease progression in a mouse model of Rett syndrome. Commun Biol. 2021 12 16; 4(1):1408. Neier K, Grant TE, Palmer RL, Chappell D, Hakam SM, Yasui KM, Rolston M, Settles ML, Hunter SS, Madany A, Ashwood P, Durbin-Johnson B, LaSalle JM, Yasui DH. PMID: 34916612; PMCID: PMC8677842.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6  Translation:Animals
    30. A profile and review of findings from the Early Markers for Autism study: unique contributions from a population-based case-control study in California. Mol Autism. 2021 03 18; 12(1):24. Lyall K, Ames JL, Pearl M, Traglia M, Weiss LA, Windham GC, Kharrazi M, Yoshida CK, Yolken R, Volk HE, Ashwood P, Van de Water J, Croen LA. PMID: 33736683; PMCID: PMC7977191.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6     Fields:    Translation:HumansPHPublic Health
    31. Differential Macrophage Responses in Affective Versus Non-Affective First-Episode Psychosis Patients. Front Cell Neurosci. 2021; 15:583351. Hughes HK, Mills-Ko E, Yang H, Lesh TA, Carter CS, Ashwood P. PMID: 33716670; PMCID: PMC7943877.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 7  
    32. Repeated allergic asthma in early versus late pregnancy differentially impacts offspring brain and behavior development. Brain Behav Immun. 2021 03; 93:66-79. Church JS, Tamayo JM, Ashwood P, Schwartzer JJ. PMID: 33358979; PMCID: PMC7979463.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsPHPublic Health
    33. Maternal immune response and air pollution exposure during pregnancy: insights from the Early Markers for Autism (EMA) study. J Neurodev Disord. 2020 12 16; 12(1):42. Volk HE, Park B, Hollingue C, Jones KL, Ashwood P, Windham GC, Lurman F, Alexeeff SE, Kharrazi M, Pearl M, Van de Water J, Croen LA. PMID: 33327930; PMCID: PMC7745402.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 19     Fields:    Translation:HumansPHPublic Health
    34. Plasma and Fecal Metabolite Profiles in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2021 03 01; 89(5):451-462. Needham BD, Adame MD, Serena G, Rose DR, Preston GM, Conrad MC, Campbell AS, Donabedian DH, Fasano A, Ashwood P, Mazmanian SK. PMID: 33342544; PMCID: PMC7867605.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 75     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    35. Maternal immune conditions are increased in males with autism spectrum disorders and are associated with behavioural and emotional but not cognitive co-morbidity. Transl Psychiatry. 2020 08 14; 10(1):286. Patel S, Dale RC, Rose D, Heath B, Nordahl CW, Rogers S, Guastella AJ, Ashwood P. PMID: 32796821; PMCID: PMC7429839.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 28     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    36. Developmental-behavioral profiles in children with autism spectrum disorder and co-occurring gastrointestinal symptoms. Autism Res. 2020 10; 13(10):1778-1789. Restrepo B, Angkustsiri K, Taylor SL, Rogers SJ, Cabral J, Heath B, Hechtman A, Solomon M, Ashwood P, Amaral DG, Nordahl CW. PMID: 32767543; PMCID: PMC7689713.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 37     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    37. Genetic variants drive altered epigenetic regulation of endotoxin response in BTBR macrophages. Brain Behav Immun. 2020 10; 89:20-31. Ciernia AV, Link VM, Careaga M, LaSalle JM, Ashwood P. PMID: 32454135; PMCID: PMC7572655.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    38. T cell populations in children with autism spectrum disorder and co-morbid gastrointestinal symptoms. Brain Behav Immun Health. 2020 Feb; 2:100042. Rose DR, Yang H, Careaga M, Angkustsiri K, Van de Water J, Ashwood P. PMID: 34589832; PMCID: PMC8474588.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 9  
    39. Neonatal Thyroid Stimulating Hormone and Subsequent Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorders and Intellectual Disability. Autism Res. 2020 03; 13(3):444-455. Ames JL, Windham GC, Lyall K, Pearl M, Kharrazi M, Yoshida CK, Van de Water J, Ashwood P, Croen LA. PMID: 31823519.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:HumansPHPublic Health
    40. Infection and Fever in Pregnancy and Autism Spectrum Disorders: Findings from the Study to Explore Early Development. Autism Res. 2019 10; 12(10):1551-1561. Croen LA, Qian Y, Ashwood P, Zerbo O, Schendel D, Pinto-Martin J, Daniele Fallin M, Levy S, Schieve LA, Yeargin-Allsopp M, Sabourin KR, Ames JL. PMID: 31317667; PMCID: PMC7784630.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 42     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    41. Rapid Communication: Plasma Interleukin-35 in Children with Autism. Brain Sci. 2019 Jun 27; 9(7). Rose D, Ashwood P. PMID: 31252635; PMCID: PMC6680732.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4  
    42. An Exploratory Examination of Neonatal Cytokines and Chemokines as Predictors of Autism Risk: The Early Markers for Autism Study. Biol Psychiatry. 2019 08 15; 86(4):255-264. Heuer LS, Croen LA, Jones KL, Yoshida CK, Hansen RL, Yolken R, Zerbo O, DeLorenze G, Kharrazi M, Ashwood P, Van de Water J. PMID: 31279535; PMCID: PMC6677631.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 43     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    43. Pilot study of probiotic/colostrum supplementation on gut function in children with autism and gastrointestinal symptoms. PLoS One. 2019; 14(1):e0210064. Sanctuary MR, Kain JN, Chen SY, Kalanetra K, Lemay DG, Rose DR, Yang HT, Tancredi DJ, German JB, Slupsky CM, Ashwood P, Mills DA, Smilowitz JT, Angkustsiri K. PMID: 30625189; PMCID: PMC6326569.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 77     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    44. Anti-Candida albicans IgG Antibodies in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders. Front Psychiatry. 2018; 9:627. Hughes HK, Ashwood P. PMID: 30534090; PMCID: PMC6275220.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 8  
    45. Differential T Cell Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-II in Children With Autism. Front Psychiatry. 2018; 9:543. Ashwood P. PMID: 30524316; PMCID: PMC6256095.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4  
    46. Immune Dysfunction and Autoimmunity as Pathological Mechanisms in Autism Spectrum Disorders. Front Cell Neurosci. 2018; 12:405. Hughes HK, Mills Ko E, Rose D, Ashwood P. PMID: 30483058; PMCID: PMC6242891.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 99  
    47. The Gut Microbiota and Dysbiosis in Autism Spectrum Disorders. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2018 09 24; 18(11):81. Hughes HK, Rose D, Ashwood P. PMID: 30251184; PMCID: PMC6855251.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 83     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    48. Cross-genetic determination of maternal and neonatal immune mediators during pregnancy. Genome Med. 2018 08 22; 10(1):67. Traglia M, Croen LA, Jones KL, Heuer LS, Yolken R, Kharrazi M, DeLorenze GN, Ashwood P, Van de Water J, Weiss LA. PMID: 30134952; PMCID: PMC6106874.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 14     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    49. Family history of immune conditions and autism spectrum and developmental disorders: Findings from the study to explore early development. Autism Res. 2019 01; 12(1):123-135. Croen LA, Qian Y, Ashwood P, Daniels JL, Fallin D, Schendel D, Schieve LA, Singer AB, Zerbo O. PMID: 30095240; PMCID: PMC6467644.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 29     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    50. Cytokine alterations in first-episode schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: relationships to brain structure and symptoms. J Neuroinflammation. 2018 May 26; 15(1):165. Lesh TA, Careaga M, Rose DR, McAllister AK, Van de Water J, Carter CS, Ashwood P. PMID: 29803226; PMCID: PMC5970482.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 62     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    51. Ambient particulate matter activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in dendritic cells and enhances Th17 polarization. Toxicol Lett. 2018 Aug; 292:85-96. Castañeda AR, Pinkerton KE, Bein KJ, Magaña-Méndez A, Yang HT, Ashwood P, Vogel CFA. PMID: 29689377; PMCID: PMC5971007.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 47     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    52. Differential immune responses and microbiota profiles in children with autism spectrum disorders and co-morbid gastrointestinal symptoms. Brain Behav Immun. 2018 05; 70:354-368. Rose DR, Yang H, Serena G, Sturgeon C, Ma B, Careaga M, Hughes HK, Angkustsiri K, Rose M, Hertz-Picciotto I, Van de Water J, Hansen RL, Ravel J, Fasano A, Ashwood P. PMID: 29571898; PMCID: PMC5953830.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 86     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    53. Identification of the antigenic epitopes of maternal autoantibodies in autism spectrum disorders. Brain Behav Immun. 2018 03; 69:399-407. Edmiston E, Jones KL, Vu T, Ashwood P, Van de Water J. PMID: 29289663; PMCID: PMC5857423.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 18     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    54. Microglia from offspring of dams with allergic asthma exhibit epigenomic alterations in genes dysregulated in autism. Glia. 2018 03; 66(3):505-521. Vogel Ciernia A, Careaga M, LaSalle JM, Ashwood P. PMID: 29134693; PMCID: PMC5767155.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 35     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    55. Conference presentation in palliative medicine: predictors of subsequent publication. BMJ Support Palliat Care. 2018 Mar; 8(1):73-77. Hanchanale S, Kerr M, Ashwood P, Curran E, Ekstrom M, Allen S, Currow D, Johnson MJ. PMID: 29127139.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    56. Dynamic Akt/mTOR Signaling in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Pediatr. 2017; 5:43. Onore C, Yang H, Van de Water J, Ashwood P. PMID: 28361047; PMCID: PMC5350147.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 37  
    57. Long-term altered immune responses following fetal priming in a non-human primate model of maternal immune activation. Brain Behav Immun. 2017 Jul; 63:60-70. Rose DR, Careaga M, Van de Water J, McAllister K, Bauman MD, Ashwood P. PMID: 27876552; PMCID: PMC5432383.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 58     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    58. Behavioral impact of maternal allergic-asthma in two genetically distinct mouse strains. Brain Behav Immun. 2017 Jul; 63:99-107. Schwartzer JJ, Careaga M, Coburn MA, Rose DR, Hughes HK, Ashwood P. PMID: 27622677; PMCID: PMC5346064.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 32     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCellsPHPublic Health
    59. Autoimmunity, Autoantibodies, and Autism Spectrum Disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2017 03 01; 81(5):383-390. Edmiston E, Ashwood P, Van de Water J. PMID: 28340985; PMCID: PMC5373490.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 59     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    60. C57BL/6J bone marrow transplant increases sociability in BTBR T+ Itpr3tf/J mice. Brain Behav Immun. 2017 Jan; 59:55-61. Schwartzer JJ, Onore CE, Rose D, Ashwood P. PMID: 27235929; PMCID: PMC5124415.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 17     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    61. Autism with intellectual disability is associated with increased levels of maternal cytokines and chemokines during gestation. Mol Psychiatry. 2017 02; 22(2):273-279. Jones KL, Croen LA, Yoshida CK, Heuer L, Hansen R, Zerbo O, DeLorenze GN, Kharrazi M, Yolken R, Ashwood P, Van de Water J. PMID: 27217154; PMCID: PMC5122473.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 129     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    62. Prenatal and Newborn Immunoglobulin Levels from Mother-Child Pairs and Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorders. Front Neurosci. 2016; 10:218. Grether JK, Ashwood P, Van de Water J, Yolken RH, Anderson MC, Torres AR, Westover JB, Sweeten T, Hansen RL, Kharrazi M, Croen LA. PMID: 27242422; PMCID: PMC4870252.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 10  
    63. Maternal mid-pregnancy C-reactive protein and risk of autism spectrum disorders: the early markers for autism study. Transl Psychiatry. 2016 Apr 19; 6:e783. Zerbo O, Traglia M, Yoshida C, Heuer LS, Ashwood P, Delorenze GN, Hansen RL, Kharrazi M, Van de Water J, Yolken RH, Weiss LA, Croen LA. PMID: 27093065; PMCID: PMC4872404.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 35     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    64. Immune Endophenotypes in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2017 03 01; 81(5):434-441. Careaga M, Rogers S, Hansen RL, Amaral DG, Van de Water J, Ashwood P. PMID: 26493496; PMCID: PMC4788581.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 66     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    65. Neonatal Cytokine Profiles Associated With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2017 03 01; 81(5):442-451. Krakowiak P, Goines PE, Tancredi DJ, Ashwood P, Hansen RL, Hertz-Picciotto I, Van de Water J. PMID: 26392128; PMCID: PMC4753133.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 104     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    66. Increased production of IL-17 in children with autism spectrum disorders and co-morbid asthma. J Neuroimmunol. 2015 Sep 15; 286:33-41. Akintunde ME, Rose M, Krakowiak P, Heuer L, Ashwood P, Hansen R, Hertz-Picciotto I, Van de Water J. PMID: 26298322; PMCID: PMC4548834.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 38     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    67. Preeclampsia, placental insufficiency, autism, and antiphospholipid antibodies-reply. JAMA Pediatr. 2015 Jun; 169(6):606-7. Walker CK, Ashwood P, Hertz-Picciotto I. PMID: 26030513; PMCID: PMC5156670.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    68. Allergic fetal priming leads to developmental, behavioral and neurobiological changes in mice. Transl Psychiatry. 2015 Apr 07; 5:e543. Schwartzer JJ, Careaga M, Chang C, Onore CE, Ashwood P. PMID: 25849982; PMCID: PMC4462603.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 33     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    69. Asthma and Allergies in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: Results From the CHARGE Study. Autism Res. 2015 Oct; 8(5):567-74. Lyall K, Van de Water J, Ashwood P, Hertz-Picciotto I. PMID: 25722050; PMCID: PMC6900397.
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    70. Immunology of Autism. . 2015 Jan 1; 93-115. Rose RD, Ashwood AP. .
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    71. Therapeutic properties of mesenchymal stem cells for autism spectrum disorders. Med Hypotheses. 2015 Mar; 84(3):169-77. Gesundheit B, Ashwood P, Keating A, Naor D, Melamed M, Rosenzweig JP. PMID: 25592283.
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    72. Change in plasma cytokine levels during risperidone treatment in children with autism. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2014 Dec; 24(10):586-9. Choi JE, Widjaja F, Careaga M, Bent S, Ashwood P, Hendren RL. PMID: 24828014; PMCID: PMC4268580.
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    73. Evidence supporting an altered immune response in ASD. Immunol Lett. 2015 Jan; 163(1):49-55. Mead J, Ashwood P. PMID: 25448709.
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    74. Maternal immune-mediated conditions, autism spectrum disorders, and developmental delay. J Autism Dev Disord. 2014 Jul; 44(7):1546-55. Lyall K, Ashwood P, Van de Water J, Hertz-Picciotto I. PMID: 24337796; PMCID: PMC4104679.
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    75. Neonatal cytokines and chemokines and risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder: the Early Markers for Autism (EMA) study: a case-control study. J Neuroinflammation. 2014 Jun 20; 11:113. Zerbo O, Yoshida C, Grether JK, Van de Water J, Ashwood P, Delorenze GN, Hansen RL, Kharrazi M, Croen LA. PMID: 24951035; PMCID: PMC4080514.
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    76. Group I metabotropic glutamate receptor mediated dynamic immune dysfunction in children with fragile X syndrome. J Neuroinflammation. 2014 Jun 19; 11:110. Careaga M, Noyon T, Basuta K, Van de Water J, Tassone F, Hagerman RJ, Ashwood P. PMID: 24942544; PMCID: PMC4107617.
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    77. Inflammatory profiles in the BTBR mouse: how relevant are they to autism spectrum disorders? Brain Behav Immun. 2015 Jan; 43:11-6. Careaga M, Schwartzer J, Ashwood P. PMID: 24937468; PMCID: PMC4776653.
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    78. Immune dysregulation as a cause of autoinflammation in fragile X premutation carriers: link between FMRI CGG repeat number and decreased cytokine responses. PLoS One. 2014; 9(4):e94475. Careaga M, Rose D, Tassone F, Berman RF, Hagerman R, Ashwood P. PMID: 24718368; PMCID: PMC3981824.
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    79. ASD: biochemical mechanisms behind behavioral disorders. Mediators Inflamm. 2014; 2014:758473. Valacchi G, Ashwood P. PMID: 24799768; PMCID: PMC3985307.
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    80. Maternal immune activation leads to activated inflammatory macrophages in offspring. Brain Behav Immun. 2014 May; 38:220-6. Onore CE, Schwartzer JJ, Careaga M, Berman RF, Ashwood P. PMID: 24566386; PMCID: PMC4321784.
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    81. Potential cytokine biomarkers in autism spectrum disorders. Biomark Med. 2014; 8(9):1171-81. Rose D, Ashwood P. PMID: 25402586.
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    82. Autophagy in the brain of neonates following hypoxia-ischemia shows sex- and region-specific effects. Neuroscience. 2014 Jan 03; 256:201-9. Weis SN, Toniazzo AP, Ander BP, Zhan X, Careaga M, Ashwood P, Wyse AT, Netto CA, Sharp FR. PMID: 24184979.
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    83. Increased anti-phospholipid antibodies in autism spectrum disorders. Mediators Inflamm. 2013; 2013:935608. Careaga M, Hansen RL, Hertz-Piccotto I, Van de Water J, Ashwood P. PMID: 24174712; PMCID: PMC3794552.
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    84. Gestational exposure to a viral mimetic poly(i:C) results in long-lasting changes in mitochondrial function by leucocytes in the adult offspring. Mediators Inflamm. 2013; 2013:609602. Giulivi C, Napoli E, Schwartzer J, Careaga M, Ashwood P. PMID: 24174710; PMCID: PMC3793312.
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    85. Inflammatory macrophage phenotype in BTBR T+tf/J mice. Front Neurosci. 2013; 7:158. Onore CE, Careaga M, Babineau BA, Schwartzer JJ, Berman RF, Ashwood P. PMID: 24062633; PMCID: PMC3774991.
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    86. Transplantation of human cord blood mononuclear cells and umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells in autism. J Transl Med. 2013 Aug 27; 11:196. Lv YT, Zhang Y, Liu M, Qiuwaxi JN, Ashwood P, Cho SC, Huan Y, Ge RC, Chen XW, Wang ZJ, Kim BJ, Hu X. PMID: 23978163; PMCID: PMC3765833.
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    87. Immunological and autoimmune considerations of Autism Spectrum Disorders. J Autoimmun. 2013 Aug; 44:1-7. Gesundheit B, Rosenzweig JP, Naor D, Lerer B, Zachor DA, Procházka V, Melamed M, Kristt DA, Steinberg A, Shulman C, Hwang P, Koren G, Walfisch A, Passweg JR, Snowden JA, Tamouza R, Leboyer M, Farge-Bancel D, Ashwood P. PMID: 23867105.
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    88. Autism-specific maternal autoantibodies recognize critical proteins in developing brain. Transl Psychiatry. 2013 Jul 09; 3:e277. Braunschweig D, Krakowiak P, Duncanson P, Boyce R, Hansen RL, Ashwood P, Hertz-Picciotto I, Pessah IN, Van de Water J. PMID: 23838888; PMCID: PMC3731784.
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    89. Maternal antibodies from mothers of children with autism alter brain growth and social behavior development in the rhesus monkey. Transl Psychiatry. 2013 Jul 09; 3:e278. Bauman MD, Iosif AM, Ashwood P, Braunschweig D, Lee A, Schumann CM, Van de Water J, Amaral DG. PMID: 23838889; PMCID: PMC3731783.
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    90. The human placenta methylome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Apr 09; 110(15):6037-42. Schroeder DI, Blair JD, Lott P, Yu HO, Hong D, Crary F, Ashwood P, Walker C, Korf I, Robinson WP, LaSalle JM. PMID: 23530188; PMCID: PMC3625261.
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    91. Maternal immune activation and strain specific interactions in the development of autism-like behaviors in mice. Transl Psychiatry. 2013 Mar 12; 3:e240. Schwartzer JJ, Careaga M, Onore CE, Rushakoff JA, Berman RF, Ashwood P. PMID: 23481627; PMCID: PMC3625915.
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    92. Maternal autoantibodies are associated with abnormal brain enlargement in a subgroup of children with autism spectrum disorder. Brain Behav Immun. 2013 May; 30:61-5. Nordahl CW, Braunschweig D, Iosif AM, Lee A, Rogers S, Ashwood P, Amaral DG, Van de Water J. PMID: 23395715; PMCID: PMC3641177.
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    93. Gastrointestinal conditions in children with autism spectrum disorder: developing a research agenda. Pediatrics. 2012 Nov; 130 Suppl 2:S160-8. Coury DL, Ashwood P, Fasano A, Fuchs G, Geraghty M, Kaul A, Mawe G, Patterson P, Jones NE. PMID: 23118247.
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    94. Myeloid dendritic cells frequencies are increased in children with autism spectrum disorder and associated with amygdala volume and repetitive behaviors. Brain Behav Immun. 2013 Jul; 31:69-75. Breece E, Paciotti B, Nordahl CW, Ozonoff S, Van de Water JA, Rogers SJ, Amaral D, Ashwood P. PMID: 23063420; PMCID: PMC4229011.
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    95. Consensus paper: pathological role of the cerebellum in autism. Cerebellum. 2012 Sep; 11(3):777-807. Fatemi SH, Aldinger KA, Ashwood P, Bauman ML, Blaha CD, Blatt GJ, Chauhan A, Chauhan V, Dager SR, Dickson PE, Estes AM, Goldowitz D, Heck DH, Kemper TL, King BH, Martin LA, Millen KJ, Mittleman G, Mosconi MW, Persico AM, Sweeney JA, Webb SJ, Welsh JP. PMID: 22370873; PMCID: PMC3677555.
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    96. Immune-mediated disorders among women carriers of fragile X premutation alleles. Am J Med Genet A. 2012 Oct; 158A(10):2473-81. Winarni TI, Chonchaiya W, Sumekar TA, Ashwood P, Morales GM, Tassone F, Nguyen DV, Faradz SM, Van de Water J, Cook K, Hamlin A, Mu Y, Hagerman PJ, Hagerman RJ. PMID: 22903889; PMCID: PMC4105154.
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    97. Cytokine dysregulation in autism spectrum disorders (ASD): possible role of the environment. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2013 Mar-Apr; 36:67-81. Goines PE, Ashwood P. PMID: 22918031; PMCID: PMC3554862.
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    98. Decreased levels of total immunoglobulin in children with autism are not a result of B cell dysfunction. J Neuroimmunol. 2012 Oct 15; 251(1-2):94-102. Heuer LS, Rose M, Ashwood P, Van de Water J. PMID: 22854260; PMCID: PMC3432686.
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    99. Behavioral correlates of maternal antibody status among children with autism. J Autism Dev Disord. 2012 Jul; 42(7):1435-45. Braunschweig D, Duncanson P, Boyce R, Hansen R, Ashwood P, Pessah IN, Hertz-Picciotto I, Van de Water J. PMID: 22012245; PMCID: PMC4871696.
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    100. Levels of soluble platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 and P-selectin are decreased in children with autism spectrum disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2012 Dec 15; 72(12):1020-5. Onore CE, Nordahl CW, Young GS, Van de Water JA, Rogers SJ, Ashwood P. PMID: 22717029; PMCID: PMC3496806.
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    101. Brief report: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in children with autism spectrum disorder: a clinical trial. J Autism Dev Disord. 2012 Jun; 42(6):1127-32. Bent S, Bertoglio K, Ashwood P, Nemeth E, Hendren RL. PMID: 21818676.
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    102. Decreased levels of EGF in plasma of children with autism spectrum disorder. Autism Res Treat. 2012; 2012:205362. Onore C, Van de Water J, Ashwood P. PMID: 22937258; PMCID: PMC3420731.
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    103. Autism spectrum disorders: from immunity to behavior. Methods Mol Biol. 2012; 934:219-40. Careaga M, Ashwood P. PMID: 22933149.
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    104. The potential role of probiotics in the management of childhood autism spectrum disorders. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2011; 2011:161358. Critchfield JW, van Hemert S, Ash M, Mulder L, Ashwood P. PMID: 22114588; PMCID: PMC3205659.
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    105. Association of a MET genetic variant with autism-associated maternal autoantibodies to fetal brain proteins and cytokine expression. Transl Psychiatry. 2011 Oct 18; 1:e48. Heuer L, Braunschweig D, Ashwood P, Van de Water J, Campbell DB. PMID: 22833194; PMCID: PMC3309488.
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    106. The role of immune dysfunction in the pathophysiology of autism. Brain Behav Immun. 2012 Mar; 26(3):383-92. Onore C, Careaga M, Ashwood P. PMID: 21906670; PMCID: PMC3418145.
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    107. Increased midgestational IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-5 in women bearing a child with autism: A case-control study. Mol Autism. 2011 Aug 02; 2:13. Goines PE, Croen LA, Braunschweig D, Yoshida CK, Grether J, Hansen R, Kharrazi M, Ashwood P, Van de Water J. PMID: 21810230; PMCID: PMC3170586.
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    108. In search of cellular immunophenotypes in the blood of children with autism. PLoS One. 2011 May 04; 6(5):e19299. Ashwood P, Corbett BA, Kantor A, Schulman H, Van de Water J, Amaral DG. PMID: 21573236; PMCID: PMC3087757.
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    109. A pilot randomized controlled trial of omega-3 fatty acids for autism spectrum disorder. J Autism Dev Disord. 2011 May; 41(5):545-54. Bent S, Bertoglio K, Ashwood P, Bostrom A, Hendren RL. PMID: 20683766; PMCID: PMC3076562.
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    110. Further characterization of autoantibodies to GABAergic neurons in the central nervous system produced by a subset of children with autism. Mol Autism. 2011 Apr 26; 2:5. Wills S, Rossi CC, Bennett J, Martinez-Cerdeño V, Ashwood P, Amaral DG, Van de Water J. PMID: 21521495; PMCID: PMC3108923.
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    111. Exposure to air pollution in critical prenatal time windows and IgE levels in newborns. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2011 Feb; 22(1 Pt 1):75-84. Herr CE, Ghosh R, Dostal M, Skokanova V, Ashwood P, Lipsett M, Joad JP, Pinkerton KE, Yap PS, Frost JD, Sram R, Hertz-Picciotto I. PMID: 20609135.
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    112. Autism, Peripheral Immunity, and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers. . 2011 Jan 14; 521-542. Goines GP, Ashwood AP, Van de Water VJ. .
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    113. Autoantibodies to cerebellum in children with autism associate with behavior. Brain Behav Immun. 2011 Mar; 25(3):514-23. Goines P, Haapanen L, Boyce R, Duncanson P, Braunschweig D, Delwiche L, Hansen R, Hertz-Picciotto I, Ashwood P, Van de Water J. PMID: 21134442; PMCID: PMC3039058.
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    114. Associations of impaired behaviors with elevated plasma chemokines in autism spectrum disorders. J Neuroimmunol. 2011 Mar; 232(1-2):196-9. Ashwood P, Krakowiak P, Hertz-Picciotto I, Hansen R, Pessah IN, Van de Water J. PMID: 21095018; PMCID: PMC3053074.
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    115. Altered T cell responses in children with autism. Brain Behav Immun. 2011 Jul; 25(5):840-9. Ashwood P, Krakowiak P, Hertz-Picciotto I, Hansen R, Pessah IN, Van de Water J. PMID: 20833247; PMCID: PMC3039713.
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    116. Autoimmune disease in mothers with the FMR1 premutation is associated with seizures in their children with fragile X syndrome. Hum Genet. 2010 Nov; 128(5):539-48. Chonchaiya W, Tassone F, Ashwood P, Hessl D, Schneider A, Campos L, Nguyen DV, Hagerman RJ. PMID: 20809278; PMCID: PMC2955238.
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    117. Elevated plasma cytokines in autism spectrum disorders provide evidence of immune dysfunction and are associated with impaired behavioral outcome. Brain Behav Immun. 2011 Jan; 25(1):40-5. Ashwood P, Krakowiak P, Hertz-Picciotto I, Hansen R, Pessah I, Van de Water J. PMID: 20705131; PMCID: PMC2991432.
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    118. Air pollution exposure during critical time periods in gestation and alterations in cord blood lymphocyte distribution: a cohort of livebirths. Environ Health. 2010 Aug 02; 9:46. Herr CE, Dostal M, Ghosh R, Ashwood P, Lipsett M, Pinkerton KE, Sram R, Hertz-Picciotto I. PMID: 20678227; PMCID: PMC2927516.
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    119. Immune dysfunction in autism: a pathway to treatment. Neurotherapeutics. 2010 Jul; 7(3):283-92. Careaga M, Van de Water J, Ashwood P. PMID: 20643381; PMCID: PMC5084232.
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    120. Plasma cytokine profiles in Fragile X subjects: is there a role for cytokines in the pathogenesis? Brain Behav Immun. 2010 Aug; 24(6):898-902. Ashwood P, Nguyen DV, Hessl D, Hagerman RJ, Tassone F. PMID: 20102735; PMCID: PMC3626458.
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    121. Correlations between gene expression and mercury levels in blood of boys with and without autism. Neurotox Res. 2011 Jan; 19(1):31-48. Stamova B, Green PG, Tian Y, Hertz-Picciotto I, Pessah IN, Hansen R, Yang X, Teng J, Gregg JP, Ashwood P, Van de Water J, Sharp FR. PMID: 19937285; PMCID: PMC3006666.
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    122. Correlations of gene expression with blood lead levels in children with autism compared to typically developing controls. Neurotox Res. 2011 Jan; 19(1):1-13. Tian Y, Green PG, Stamova B, Hertz-Picciotto I, Pessah IN, Hansen R, Yang X, Gregg JP, Ashwood P, Jickling G, Van de Water J, Sharp FR. PMID: 19921347; PMCID: PMC3006638.
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    123. Decreased cellular IL-23 but not IL-17 production in children with autism spectrum disorders. J Neuroimmunol. 2009 Nov 30; 216(1-2):126-9. Onore C, Enstrom A, Krakowiak P, Hertz-Picciotto I, Hansen R, Van de Water J, Ashwood P. PMID: 19800697; PMCID: PMC2981175.
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    124. Differential monocyte responses to TLR ligands in children with autism spectrum disorders. Brain Behav Immun. 2010 Jan; 24(1):64-71. Enstrom AM, Onore CE, Van de Water JA, Ashwood P. PMID: 19666104; PMCID: PMC3014091.
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    125. Mechanistic biomarkers for autism treatment. Med Hypotheses. 2009 Dec; 73(6):950-4. Hendren RL, Bertoglio K, Ashwood P, Sharp F. PMID: 19619951.
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    126. Autoimmunity in autism. Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2009 May; 10(5):463-73. Enstrom AM, Van de Water JA, Ashwood P. PMID: 19431079; PMCID: PMC6952169.
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    127. Preliminary evidence of the in vitro effects of BDE-47 on innate immune responses in children with autism spectrum disorders. J Neuroimmunol. 2009 Mar 31; 208(1-2):130-5. Ashwood P, Schauer J, Pessah IN, Van de Water J. PMID: 19211157; PMCID: PMC2692510.
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    128. Increased IgG4 levels in children with autism disorder. Brain Behav Immun. 2009 Mar; 23(3):389-95. Enstrom A, Krakowiak P, Onore C, Pessah IN, Hertz-Picciotto I, Hansen RL, Van de Water JA, Ashwood P. PMID: 19136055; PMCID: PMC2696343.
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    129. Decreased transforming growth factor beta1 in autism: a potential link between immune dysregulation and impairment in clinical behavioral outcomes. J Neuroimmunol. 2008 Nov 15; 204(1-2):149-53. Ashwood P, Enstrom A, Krakowiak P, Hertz-Picciotto I, Hansen RL, Croen LA, Ozonoff S, Pessah IN, Van de Water J. PMID: 18762342; PMCID: PMC2615583.
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    130. Reduced levels of immunoglobulin in children with autism correlates with behavioral symptoms. Autism Res. 2008 Oct; 1(5):275-83. Heuer L, Ashwood P, Schauer J, Goines P, Krakowiak P, Hertz-Picciotto I, Hansen R, Croen LA, Pessah IN, Van de Water J. PMID: 19343198; PMCID: PMC2663897.
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    131. Altered gene expression and function of peripheral blood natural killer cells in children with autism. Brain Behav Immun. 2009 Jan; 23(1):124-33. Enstrom AM, Lit L, Onore CE, Gregg JP, Hansen RL, Pessah IN, Hertz-Picciotto I, Van de Water JA, Sharp FR, Ashwood P. PMID: 18762240; PMCID: PMC2636576.
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    132. Detection of autoantibodies to neural cells of the cerebellum in the plasma of subjects with autism spectrum disorders. Brain Behav Immun. 2009 Jan; 23(1):64-74. Wills S, Cabanlit M, Bennett J, Ashwood P, Amaral DG, Van de Water J. PMID: 18706993; PMCID: PMC2660333.
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    133. Maternal mid-pregnancy autoantibodies to fetal brain protein: the early markers for autism study. Biol Psychiatry. 2008 Oct 01; 64(7):583-8. Croen LA, Braunschweig D, Haapanen L, Yoshida CK, Fireman B, Grether JK, Kharrazi M, Hansen RL, Ashwood P, Van de Water J. PMID: 18571628; PMCID: PMC2574992.
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    134. Stereotypies and hyperactivity in rhesus monkeys exposed to IgG from mothers of children with autism. Brain Behav Immun. 2008 Aug; 22(6):806-16. Martin LA, Ashwood P, Braunschweig D, Cabanlit M, Van de Water J, Amaral DG. PMID: 18262386; PMCID: PMC3779644.
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    135. Peripheral Blood Leukocyte Production of BDNF following Mitogen Stimulation in Early Onset and Regressive Autism. Am J Biochem Biotechnol. 2008; 4(2):121-129. Enstrom A, Onore C, Tarver A, Hertz-Picciotto I, Hansen R, Croen L, Van de Water J, Ashwood P. PMID: 27683277; PMCID: PMC5036578.
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    136. Detection of IL-17 and IL-23 in Plasma Samples of Children with Autism. Am J Biochem Biotechnol. 2008; 4(2):114-120. Enstrom A, Onore C, Hertz-Picciotto I, Hansen R, Croen L, Van de Water J, Ashwood P. PMID: 27688738; PMCID: PMC5038352.
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    137. Autism: maternally derived antibodies specific for fetal brain proteins. Neurotoxicology. 2008 Mar; 29(2):226-31. Braunschweig D, Ashwood P, Krakowiak P, Hertz-Picciotto I, Hansen R, Croen LA, Pessah IN, Van de Water J. PMID: 18078998; PMCID: PMC2305723.
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    138. Brain-specific autoantibodies in the plasma of subjects with autistic spectrum disorder. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007 Jun; 1107:92-103. Cabanlit M, Wills S, Goines P, Ashwood P, Van de Water J. PMID: 17804536.
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    139. Autoantibodies in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007 Jun; 1107:79-91. Wills S, Cabanlit M, Bennett J, Ashwood P, Amaral D, Van de Water J. PMID: 17804535.
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    140. Brief report: plasma leptin levels are elevated in autism: association with early onset phenotype? J Autism Dev Disord. 2008 Jan; 38(1):169-75. Ashwood P, Kwong C, Hansen R, Hertz-Picciotto I, Croen L, Krakowiak P, Walker W, Pessah IN, Van de Water J. PMID: 17347881.
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    141. Fine particles that adsorb lipopolysaccharide via bridging calcium cations may mimic bacterial pathogenicity towards cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2007 Jan; 232(1):107-17. Ashwood P, Thompson RP, Powell JJ. PMID: 17202591.
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    142. A proteomic study of serum from children with autism showing differential expression of apolipoproteins and complement proteins. Mol Psychiatry. 2007 Mar; 12(3):292-306. Corbett BA, Kantor AB, Schulman H, Walker WL, Lit L, Ashwood P, Rocke DM, Sharp FR. PMID: 17189958.
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    143. The immune response in autism: a new frontier for autism research. J Leukoc Biol. 2006 Jul; 80(1):1-15. Ashwood P, Wills S, Van de Water J. PMID: 16698940.
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    144. Fatty acid compositions of red blood cell phospholipids in children with autism. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2006 Apr; 74(4):215-21. Bu B, Ashwood P, Harvey D, King IB, Water JV, Jin LW. PMID: 16581239.
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    145. Genomic profiles for human peripheral blood T cells, B cells, natural killer cells, monocytes, and polymorphonuclear cells: comparisons to ischemic stroke, migraine, and Tourette syndrome. Genomics. 2006 Jun; 87(6):693-703. Du X, Tang Y, Xu H, Lit L, Walker W, Ashwood P, Gregg JP, Sharp FR. PMID: 16546348.
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    146. Immune activation of peripheral blood and mucosal CD3+ lymphocyte cytokine profiles in children with autism and gastrointestinal symptoms. J Neuroimmunol. 2006 Apr; 173(1-2):126-34. Ashwood P, Wakefield AJ. PMID: 16494951.
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    147. Air pollution and lymphocyte phenotype proportions in cord blood. Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct; 113(10):1391-8. Hertz-Picciotto I, Herr CE, Yap PS, Dostál M, Shumway RH, Ashwood P, Lipsett M, Joad JP, Pinkerton KE, Srám RJ. PMID: 16203253; PMCID: PMC1281286.
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    148. Altered monocyte responses to defined TLR ligands in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2005 Oct; 42(4):802-8. Mao TK, Lian ZX, Selmi C, Ichiki Y, Ashwood P, Ansari AA, Coppel RL, Shimoda S, Ishibashi H, Gershwin ME. PMID: 16175622.
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    149. The significance of ileo-colonic lymphoid nodular hyperplasia in children with autistic spectrum disorder. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005 08; 17(8):827-36. Wakefield AJ, Ashwood P, Limb K, Anthony A. PMID: 16003132.
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    150. A distinct subset of chemokines dominates the mucosal chemokine response in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2005 Jan 15; 21(2):109-20. Puleston J, Cooper M, Murch S, Bid K, Makh S, Ashwood P, Bingham AH, Green H, Moss P, Dhillon A, Morris R, Strobel S, Gelinas R, Pounder RE, Platt A. PMID: 15679760.
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    151. Endoluminal gastroplication in children with significant gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Gut. 2004 Dec; 53(12):1745-50. Thomson M, Fritscher-Ravens A, Hall S, Afzal N, Ashwood P, Swain CP. PMID: 15542508; PMCID: PMC1774311.
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    152. Is autism an autoimmune disease? Autoimmun Rev. 2004 Nov; 3(7-8):557-62. Ashwood P, Van de Water J. PMID: 15546805.
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    153. Spontaneous mucosal lymphocyte cytokine profiles in children with autism and gastrointestinal symptoms: mucosal immune activation and reduced counter regulatory interleukin-10. J Clin Immunol. 2004 Nov; 24(6):664-73. Ashwood P, Anthony A, Torrente F, Wakefield AJ. PMID: 15622451.
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    154. A review of autism and the immune response. Clin Dev Immunol. 2004 Jun; 11(2):165-74. Ashwood P, Van de Water J. PMID: 15330453; PMCID: PMC2270714.
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    155. Focal-enhanced gastritis in regressive autism with features distinct from Crohn's and Helicobacter pylori gastritis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2004 Apr; 99(4):598-605. Torrente F, Anthony A, Heuschkel RB, Thomson MA, Ashwood P, Murch SH. PMID: 15089888.
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    156. Spontaneous T(H)1 cytokine production by intraepithelial but not circulating T cells in infants with or without food allergies. Allergy. 2004 Mar; 59(3):346-53. Pérez-Machado MA, Ashwood P, Torrente F, Salvestrini C, Sim R, Thomson MA, Walker-Smith JA, Murch SH. PMID: 14982519.
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    157. Functional interactions between mucosal IL-1, IL-ra and TGF-beta 1 in ulcerative colitis. Inflamm Res. 2004 Feb; 53(2):53-9. Ashwood P, Harvey R, Verjee T, Wolstencroft R, Thompson RP, Powell JJ. PMID: 15021969.
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    158. Competition between IL-1, IL-1ra and TGF-beta 1 modulates the response of the ELA4.NOB-1/CTLL bioassay: implications for clinical investigations. Inflamm Res. 2004 Feb; 53(2):60-5. Ashwood P, Harvey R, Verjee T, Wolstencroft R, Thompson RP, Powell JJ. PMID: 15021970.
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    159. Intestinal lymphocyte populations in children with regressive autism: evidence for extensive mucosal immunopathology. J Clin Immunol. 2003 Nov; 23(6):504-17. Ashwood P, Anthony A, Pellicer AA, Torrente F, Walker-Smith JA, Wakefield AJ. PMID: 15031638.
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    160. Reduced transforming growth factor-beta1-producing T cells in the duodenal mucosa of children with food allergy. Eur J Immunol. 2003 Aug; 33(8):2307-15. Pérez-Machado MA, Ashwood P, Thomson MA, Latcham F, Sim R, Walker-Smith JA, Murch SH. PMID: 12884306.
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    161. The role of dietary microparticles and calcium in apoptosis and interleukin-1beta release of intestinal macrophages. Gastroenterology. 2002 Nov; 123(5):1543-53. Evans SM, Ashwood P, Warley A, Berisha F, Thompson RP, Powell JJ. PMID: 12404229.
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    162. Selective binding of nucleotide probes by eosinophilic cationic protein during in situ hybridisation. Histochem J. 2002 Mar-Apr; 34(3-4):153-60. Ellis RD, Ashwood P, Powell JJ, Taylor PD, Poulsom R, Thompson RP, Punchard NA. PMID: 12495221.
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    163. Small intestinal enteropathy with epithelial IgG and complement deposition in children with regressive autism. Mol Psychiatry. 2002; 7(4):375-82, 334. Torrente F, Ashwood P, Day R, Machado N, Furlano RI, Anthony A, Davies SE, Wakefield AJ, Thomson MA, Walker-Smith JA, Murch SH. PMID: 11986981.
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    164. Immune potentiation of ultrafine dietary particles in normal subjects and patients with inflammatory bowel disease. J Autoimmun. 2000 Feb; 14(1):99-105. Powell JJ, Harvey RS, Ashwood P, Wolstencroft R, Gershwin ME, Thompson RP. PMID: 10648120.
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    165. Experimental ulceration leads to sequential expression of spasmolytic polypeptide, intestinal trefoil factor, epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor alpha mRNAs in rat stomach. J Pathol. 1995 Apr; 175(4):405-14. Alison MR, Chinery R, Poulsom R, Ashwood P, Longcroft JM, Wright NA. PMID: 7790995.
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