Christopher Bowlus

Title(s)Professor in Residence, MED: Int Med Gastroenterology
SchoolSchool of Medicine
Address3500 PSSB/UCDMC
CA 95817
Phone916-734-3751
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    SACRAMENTO COLLABORATIVE TO ADVANCE TESTING AND CARE OF HEPATITIS B (SCRATCH)
    NIH U51PS004633Sep 30, 2014 - Sep 29, 2016
    Role: Principal Investigator
    An Open-Label Study of Ursolkc Acid for Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
    NIH R21DK100897Mar 24, 2014 - Jan 31, 2017
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Biologic Basis of Disparity in Liver Cancer Survival Among Asian Americans
    NIH R21CA179722Sep 17, 2013 - Aug 31, 2016
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Oxidative mutagenesis:Iron, Ascorbic Acid and Genes
    NIH R03ES011487Sep 15, 2001 - Aug 31, 2003
    Role: Principal Investigator
    CLONING OF THE HEMOCHROMATOSIS LOCUS
    NIH K08DK002398Aug 9, 1996 - Jun 30, 2001
    Role: Principal Investigator

    Collapse ORNG Applications 
    Collapse Clinical Trials

    Collapse Bibliographic 
    Collapse Publications
    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Researchers can login to make corrections and additions, or contact us for help. to make corrections and additions.
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    Altmetrics Details PMC Citations indicate the number of times the publication was cited by articles in PubMed Central, and the Altmetric score represents citations in news articles and social media. (Note that publications are often cited in additional ways that are not shown here.) Fields are based on how the National Library of Medicine (NLM) classifies the publication's journal and might not represent the specific topic of the publication. Translation tags are based on the publication type and the MeSH terms NLM assigns to the publication. Some publications (especially newer ones and publications not in PubMed) might not yet be assigned Field or Translation tags.) Click a Field or Translation tag to filter the publications.
    1. Anti-integrin αvβ6 autoantibodies are increased in PSC patients with concomitant IBD and correlate with liver disease severity. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2024 Oct 25. Bloemen H, Livanos AE, Martins A, Dean R, Bravo AC, Bourgonje AR, Tankelevich M, Herb J, Cho J, Santos AA, Rodrigues CMP, Petralia F, Colombel JF, Bowlus CL, Schiano T, Torres J, Levy C, Mehandru S. PMID: 39490950.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    
    2. COBALT: A Confirmatory Trial of Obeticholic Acid in Primary Biliary Cholangitis With Placebo and External Controls. Am J Gastroenterol. 2024 Aug 14. Kowdley KV, Hirschfield GM, Coombs C, Malecha ES, Bessonova L, Li J, Rathnayaka N, Mells G, Jones DE, Trivedi PJ, Hansen BE, Smith R, Wason J, Hiu S, Kareithi DN, Mason AL, Bowlus CL, Muller K, Carbone M, Berenguer M, Milkiewicz P, Adekunle F, Villamil A. PMID: 39140490.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    
    3. Serologic extracellular matrix remodeling markers are related to fibrosis stage and prognosis in a phase 2b trial of simtuzumab in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Hepatol Commun. 2024 07 01; 8(7). Thorburn D, Leeming DJ, Barchuk WT, Wang Y, Lu X, Malkov VA, Ito KL, Bowlus CL, Levy C, Goodman Z, Karsdal MA, Muir AJ, Xu J. PMID: 38967589; PMCID: PMC11227354.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:HumansCellsCTClinical Trials
    4. Protocol for the development of a core outcome set for clinical trials in primary sclerosing cholangitis. BMJ Open. 2024 Jun 26; 14(6):e080143. Hussain N, Ma C, Hirschfield G, Walmsley M, Hanford P, Vesterhus M, Kowdley K, Bergquist A, Ponsioen C, Levy C, Assis D, Schramm C, Bowlus C, Trauner M, Aiyegbusi OL, Jairath V, Trivedi PJ. PMID: 38926149; PMCID: PMC11216047.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    5. Patient-focused drug development in primary sclerosing cholangitis: Insights on patient priorities and involvement in clinical trials. Hepatol Commun. 2024 06 01; 8(6). Li M, Pai RA, Gomel R, Vyas M, Callif SC, Hatchett J, Bowlus CL, Lai JC. PMID: 38727680; PMCID: PMC11093571.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    6. Assessment of fatigue and its impact in chronic liver disease. J Hepatol. 2024 Oct; 81(4):726-742. Younossi ZM, Kremer AE, Swain MG, Jones D, Bowlus C, Trauner M, Henry L, Gerber L. PMID: 38670320.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    7. A Phase 3 Trial of Seladelpar in Primary Biliary Cholangitis. N Engl J Med. 2024 Feb 29; 390(9):783-794. Hirschfield GM, Bowlus CL, Mayo MJ, Kremer AE, Vierling JM, Kowdley KV, Levy C, Villamil A, Ladrón de Guevara Cetina AL, Janczewska E, Zigmond E, Jeong SH, Yilmaz Y, Kallis Y, Corpechot C, Buggisch P, Invernizzi P, Londoño Hurtado MC, Bergheanu S, Yang K, Choi YJ, Crittenden DB, McWherter CA, RESPONSE Study Group. PMID: 38381664.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 9     Fields:    Translation:HumansCTClinical Trials
    8. Per-oral cholangioscopy in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis: a 12-month follow-up study. Endosc Int Open. 2024 Feb; 12(2):E237-E244. Mohamed R, Tejaswi S, Aabakken L, Ponsioen CY, Bowlus CL, Adler DG, Forbes N, Paulsen V, Voermans RP, Urayama S, Peetermans J, Rousseau MJ, Eksteen B. PMID: 38362361; PMCID: PMC10869209.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    9. Hypercholesterolemia Is Associated With Dysregulation of Lipid Metabolism and Poor Prognosis in Primary Biliary Cholangitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2024 Jun; 22(6):1265-1274.e19. Zheng L, Tian S, Yang C, Li B, Jia G, Liu Y, Sun R, Wang X, Deng J, Zhang M, Cui L, Guo C, Zhou X, Leung PSC, Bowlus CL, Gershwin ME, Shang Y, Han Y. PMID: 38354969.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    10. African American race does not confer an increased risk of clinical events in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Hepatol Commun. 2024 02 01; 8(2). Yazdanfar M, Zepeda J, Dean R, Wu J, Levy C, Goldberg D, Lammert C, Prenner S, Reddy KR, Pratt D, Forman L, Assis DN, Lytvyak E, Montano-Loza AJ, Gordon SC, Carey EJ, Ahn J, Schlansky B, Korzenik J, Karagozian R, Hameed B, Chandna S, Yu L, Bowlus CL. PMID: 38285883; PMCID: PMC10830082.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    11. Editorial: The evolving paradigms and treatments for primary biliary cholangitis-Authors' reply. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2024 01; 59(2):282. Mayo MJ, Vierling JM, Bowlus CL. PMID: 38153281.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    12. Seladelpar treatment reduces IL-31 and pruritus in patients with primary biliary cholangitis. Hepatology. 2024 07 01; 80(1):27-37. Kremer AE, Mayo MJ, Hirschfield GM, Levy C, Bowlus CL, Jones DE, Johnson JD, McWherter CA, Choi YJ. PMID: 38117036; PMCID: PMC11191048.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    13. Efficacy and Safety of Elafibranor in Primary Biliary Cholangitis. N Engl J Med. 2024 Feb 29; 390(9):795-805. Kowdley KV, Bowlus CL, Levy C, Akarca US, Alvares-da-Silva MR, Andreone P, Arrese M, Corpechot C, Francque SM, Heneghan MA, Invernizzi P, Jones D, Kruger FC, Lawitz E, Mayo MJ, Shiffman ML, Swain MG, Valera JM, Vargas V, Vierling JM, Villamil A, Addy C, Dietrich J, Germain JM, Mazain S, Rafailovic D, Taddé B, Miller B, Shu J, Zein CO, Schattenberg JM, ELATIVE Study Investigators’ Group, ELATIVE Study Investigators' Group. PMID: 37962077.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 21     Fields:    Translation:HumansCTClinical Trials
    14. Open-label, clinical trial extension: Two-year safety and efficacy results of seladelpar in patients with primary biliary cholangitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2024 01; 59(2):186-200. Mayo MJ, Vierling JM, Bowlus CL, Levy C, Hirschfield GM, Neff GW, Galambos MR, Gordon SC, Borg BB, Harrison SA, Thuluvath PJ, Goel A, Shiffman ML, Swain MG, Jones DEJ, Trivedi P, Kremer AE, Aspinall RJ, Sheridan DA, Dörffel Y, Yang K, Choi YJ, McWherter CA. PMID: 37904314.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    15. Interobserver agreement and prognostic value of image-based scoring systems in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Abdom Radiol (NY). 2024 01; 49(1):60-68. Grave EC, Loehfelm T, Corwin MT, Zepeda J, Bath HK, Dhaliwal S, Yazdanfar M, Bowlus CL. PMID: 37831167.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    16. Correction to: Impact of Pruritus on Quality of Life and Current Treatment Patterns in Patients with Primary Biliary Cholangitis. Dig Dis Sci. 2023 Oct; 68(10):4064-4065. Mayo MJ, Carey E, Smith HT, Mospan AR, McLaughlin M, Thompson A, Morris HL, Sandefur R, Kim WR, Bowlus C, TARGET-PBC Investigators, Levy C. PMID: 37555884; PMCID: PMC10516767.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    
    17. The gut ecosystem and immune tolerance. J Autoimmun. 2023 12; 141:103114. Shao T, Hsu R, Rafizadeh DL, Wang L, Bowlus CL, Kumar N, Mishra J, Timilsina S, Ridgway WM, Gershwin ME, Ansari AA, Shuai Z, Leung PSC. PMID: 37748979.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 11     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    18. Autoimmune Markers in Primary Biliary Cholangitis. Clin Liver Dis. 2024 02; 28(1):93-101. Shah SK, Bowlus CL. PMID: 37945165.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    19. Optimizing treatment of primary biliary cholangitis: Is good, good enough? Hepatology. 2024 01 01; 79(1):3-5. Bowlus CL, Levy C. PMID: 37526603.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    20. NCCN Guidelines® Insights: Biliary Tract Cancers, Version 2.2023. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2023 07; 21(7):694-704. Benson AB, D'Angelica MI, Abrams T, Abbott DE, Ahmed A, Anaya DA, Anders R, Are C, Bachini M, Binder D, Borad M, Bowlus C, Brown D, Burgoyne A, Castellanos J, Chahal P, Cloyd J, Covey AM, Glazer ES, Hawkins WG, Iyer R, Jacob R, Jennings L, Kelley RK, Kim R, Levine M, Palta M, Park JO, Raman S, Reddy S, Ronnekleiv-Kelly S, Sahai V, Singh G, Stein S, Turk A, Vauthey JN, Venook AP, Yopp A, McMillian N, Schonfeld R, Hochstetler C. PMID: 37433432.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 40     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    21. Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of maralixibat in adults with primary sclerosing cholangitis: Open-label pilot study. Hepatol Commun. 2023 06 01; 7(6). Bowlus CL, Eksteen B, Cheung AC, Thorburn D, Moylan CA, Pockros PJ, Forman LM, Dorenbaum A, Hirschfield GM, Kennedy C, Jaecklin T, McKibben A, Chien E, Baek M, Vig P, Levy C. PMID: 37184523; PMCID: PMC10187837.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    22. Recent Advances in the Management of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023 07; 21(8):2065-2075. Assis DN, Bowlus CL. PMID: 37084929.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    23. Seladelpar efficacy and safety at 3 months in patients with primary biliary cholangitis: ENHANCE, a phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Hepatology. 2023 08 01; 78(2):397-415. Hirschfield GM, Shiffman ML, Gulamhusein A, Kowdley KV, Vierling JM, Levy C, Kremer AE, Zigmond E, Andreone P, Gordon SC, Bowlus CL, Lawitz EJ, Aspinall RJ, Pratt DS, Raikhelson K, Gonzalez-Huezo MS, Heneghan MA, Jeong SH, Ladrón de Guevara AL, Mayo MJ, Dalekos GN, Drenth JPH, Janczewska E, Leggett BA, Nevens F, Vargas V, Zuckerman E, Corpechot C, Fassio E, Hinrichsen H, Invernizzi P, Trivedi PJ, Forman L, Jones DEJ, Ryder SD, Swain MG, Steinberg A, Boudes PF, Choi YJ, McWherter CA, ENHANCE Study Group*. PMID: 37386786; PMCID: PMC10344437.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 16     Fields:    Translation:HumansCTClinical Trials
    24. PRIMIS: design of a pivotal, randomized, phase 3 study evaluating the safety and efficacy of the nonsteroidal farnesoid X receptor agonist cilofexor in noncirrhotic patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. BMC Gastroenterol. 2023 Mar 15; 23(1):75. Trauner M, Chung C, Sterling K, Liu X, Lu X, Xu J, Tempany-Afdhal C, Goodman ZD, Färkkilä M, Tanaka A, Trivedi P, Kowdley KV, Bowlus CL, Levy C, Myers RP. PMID: 36922785; PMCID: PMC10015541.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:HumansCTClinical Trials
    25. Reply: Insurance should cover vancomycin for primary sclerosing cholangitis. Hepatology. 2023 06 01; 77(6):E176-E177. Bowlus CL, Arrivé L, Bergquist A, Deneau M, Forman L, Ilyas SI, Lunsford KE, Martinez M, Sapisochin G, Shroff R, Tabibian JH, Assis DN. PMID: 36695291.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    26. Reply: Living donor liver transplantation for people with PSC. Hepatology. 2023 05 01; 77(5):E97-E98. Forman LM, Sapisochin G, Assis DN, Arrivé L, Bergquist A, Bowlus CL, Deneau M, Ilyas SI, Lunsford KE, Martinez M, Shroff R, Tabibian JH. PMID: 36732294.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    27. Automated electronic health registry-based hepatitis B screening. J Viral Hepat. 2023 03; 30(3):228-231. Chak EW, Luna R, MacDonald S, Stewart SL, Chen MS, Bowlus C. PMID: 36514989; PMCID: PMC10803191.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:HumansPHPublic Health
    28. GLIMMER: A Randomized Phase 2b Dose-Ranging Trial of Linerixibat in Primary Biliary Cholangitis Patients With Pruritus. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023 Jul; 21(7):1902-1912.e13. Levy C, Kendrick S, Bowlus CL, Tanaka A, Jones D, Kremer AE, Mayo MJ, Haque N, von Maltzahn R, Allinder M, Swift B, McLaughlin MM, Hirschfield GM, GLIMMER Study Group. PMID: 36343847.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 13     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    29. AASLD practice guidance on primary sclerosing cholangitis and cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatology. 2023 02 01; 77(2):659-702. Bowlus CL, Arrivé L, Bergquist A, Deneau M, Forman L, Ilyas SI, Lunsford KE, Martinez M, Sapisochin G, Shroff R, Tabibian JH, Assis DN. PMID: 36083140.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 47     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    30. Application of the Latest Advances in Evidence-Based Medicine in Primary Biliary Cholangitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2023 02 01; 118(2):232-242. Kowdley KV, Bowlus CL, Levy C, Mayo MJ, Pratt DS, Vuppalanchi R, Younossi ZM. PMID: 36729104; PMCID: PMC9889200.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    31. Greater Transplant-Free Survival in Patients Receiving Obeticholic Acid for Primary Biliary Cholangitis in a Clinical Trial Setting Compared to Real-World External Controls. Gastroenterology. 2022 12; 163(6):1630-1642.e3. Murillo Perez CF, Fisher H, Hiu S, Kareithi D, Adekunle F, Mayne T, Malecha E, Ness E, van der Meer AJ, Lammers WJ, Trivedi PJ, Battezzati PM, Nevens F, Kowdley KV, Bruns T, Cazzagon N, Floreani A, Mason AL, Parés A, Londoño MC, Invernizzi P, Carbone M, Lleo A, Mayo MJ, Dalekos GN, Gatselis NK, Thorburn D, Verhelst X, Gulamhusein A, Janssen HLA, Smith R, Flack S, Mulcahy V, Trauner M, Bowlus CL, Lindor KD, Corpechot C, Jones D, Mells G, Hirschfield GM, Wason J, Hansen BE, GLOBAL PBC Study Group and the members of the UK-PBC Consortium. PMID: 36150526.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 14     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    32. Treatment of Primary Biliary Cholangitis: First-Line and Second-Line Therapies. Clin Liver Dis. 2022 11; 26(4):705-726. Liu CH, Bowlus CL. PMID: 36270725.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    33. Decreased CD57 expression of natural killer cells enhanced cytotoxicity in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Front Immunol. 2022; 13:912961. Liu B, Yang GX, Sun Y, Tomiyama T, Zhang W, Leung PSC, He XS, Dhaliwal S, Invernizzi P, Gershwin ME, Bowlus CL. PMID: 36059513; PMCID: PMC9434697.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    34. Reply to: "Seladelpar in patients with primary biliary cholangitis: Need for a closer look!" J Hepatol. 2022 11; 77(5):1452-1453. Bowlus CL, Levy C, Hirschfield GM. PMID: 35977610.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    35. Safety and Sustained Efficacy of the Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) Agonist Cilofexor Over a 96-Week Open-label Extension in Patients With PSC. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023 06; 21(6):1552-1560.e2. Trauner M, Bowlus CL, Gulamhusein A, Hameed B, Caldwell SH, Shiffman ML, Landis C, Muir AJ, Billin A, Xu J, Liu X, Lu X, Chung C, Myers RP, Kowdley KV. PMID: 35934287.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 10     Fields:    Translation:HumansCTClinical Trials
    36. IL-31 levels correlate with pruritus in patients with cholestatic and metabolic liver diseases and is farnesoid X receptor responsive in NASH. Hepatology. 2023 01 01; 77(1):20-32. Xu J, Wang Y, Khoshdeli M, Peach M, Chuang JC, Lin J, Tsai WW, Mahadevan S, Minto W, Diehl L, Gupta R, Trauner M, Patel K, Noureddin M, Kowdley KV, Gulamhusein A, Bowlus CL, Huss RS, Myers RP, Chung C, Billin AN. PMID: 35686937; PMCID: PMC9970017.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 9     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    37. Impact of Pruritus on Quality of Life and Current Treatment Patterns in Patients with Primary Biliary Cholangitis. Dig Dis Sci. 2023 03; 68(3):995-1005. Mayo MJ, Carey E, Smith HT, Mospan AR, McLaughlin M, Thompson A, Morris HL, Sandefur R, Kim WR, Bowlus C, TARGET-PBC Investigators, Levy C. PMID: 35704252; PMCID: PMC10406656.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    38. A phase II, randomized, open-label, 52-week study of seladelpar in patients with primary biliary cholangitis. J Hepatol. 2022 08; 77(2):353-364. Bowlus CL, Galambos MR, Aspinall RJ, Hirschfield GM, Jones DEJ, Dörffel Y, Gordon SC, Harrison SA, Kremer AE, Mayo MJ, Thuluvath PJ, Levy C, Swain MG, Neff GW, Sheridan DA, Stanca CM, Berg CP, Goel A, Shiffman ML, Vierling JM, Boudes P, Steinberg A, Choi YJ, McWherter CA. PMID: 35367282.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 16     Fields:    Translation:HumansCTClinical Trials
    39. Plasma Oxylipin Profile Discriminates Ethnicities in Subjects with Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis: An Exploratory Analysis. Metabolites. 2022 Feb 19; 12(2). Mazi TA, Borkowski K, Fiehn O, Bowlus CL, Sarkar S, Matsukuma K, Ali MR, Kieffer DA, Wan YY, Stanhope KL, Havel PJ, Newman JW, Medici V. PMID: 35208265; PMCID: PMC8875408.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1  
    40. Primary biliary cholangitis: 2021 practice guidance update from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology. 2022 04; 75(4):1012-1013. Lindor KD, Bowlus CL, Boyer J, Levy C, Mayo M. PMID: 34431119.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 20     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    41. Dynamic Risk Prediction of Response to Ursodeoxycholic Acid Among Patients with Primary Biliary Cholangitis in the USA. Dig Dis Sci. 2022 08; 67(8):4170-4180. Li J, Lu M, Zhou Y, Bowlus CL, Lindor K, Rodriguez-Watson C, Romanelli RJ, Haller IV, Anderson H, VanWormer JJ, Boscarino JA, Schmidt MA, Daida YG, Sahota A, Vincent J, Wu KH, Trudeau S, Rupp LB, Melkonian C, Gordon SC, FOLD Investigators. PMID: 34499271.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    42. Epidemiology, Natural History, and Outcomes of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: A Systematic Review of Population-based Studies. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022 08; 20(8):1687-1700.e4. Trivedi PJ, Bowlus CL, Yimam KK, Razavi H, Estes C. PMID: 34474162.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 18     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    43. Seladelpar improved measures of pruritus, sleep, and fatigue and decreased serum bile acids in patients with primary biliary cholangitis. Liver Int. 2022 01; 42(1):112-123. Kremer AE, Mayo MJ, Hirschfield G, Levy C, Bowlus CL, Jones DE, Steinberg A, McWherter CA, Choi YJ. PMID: 34403559.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 22     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    44. Glycan biomarkers of autoimmunity and bile acid-associated alterations of the human glycome: Primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis-specific glycans. Clin Immunol. 2021 09; 230:108825. Maverakis E, Merleev AA, Park D, Kailemia MJ, Xu G, Ruhaak LR, Kim K, Hong Q, Li Q, Leung P, Liakos W, Wan YY, Bowlus CL, Marusina AI, Lal NN, Xie Y, Luxardi G, Lebrilla CB. PMID: 34403816.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    45. Defining Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Results From an International Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Study Group Consensus Process. Gastroenterology. 2021 12; 161(6):1764-1775.e5. Ponsioen CY, Assis DN, Boberg KM, Bowlus CL, Deneau M, Thorburn D, Aabakken L, Färkkilä M, Petersen B, Rupp C, Hübscher SG, PSC Study Group. PMID: 34384749.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 13     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    46. Ethnicity-specific alterations of plasma and hepatic lipidomic profiles are related to high NAFLD rate and severity in Hispanic Americans, a pilot study. Free Radic Biol Med. 2021 08 20; 172:490-502. Mazi TA, Borkowski K, Newman JW, Fiehn O, Bowlus CL, Sarkar S, Matsukuma K, Ali MR, Kieffer DA, Wan YY, Stanhope KL, Havel PJ, Medici V. PMID: 34182070; PMCID: PMC8712226.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 8     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    47. A Fibrosis-Independent Hepatic Transcriptomic Signature Identifies Drivers of Disease Progression in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis. Hepatology. 2021 03; 73(3):1105-1116. Gindin Y, Chung C, Jiang Z, Zhou JZ, Xu J, Billin AN, Myers RP, Goodman Z, Landi A, Houghton M, Green RM, Levy C, Kowdley KV, Bowlus CL, Muir AJ, Trauner M. PMID: 32745270; PMCID: PMC8048608.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 7     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    48. Efficacy and Safety of Cenicriviroc in Patients With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: PERSEUS Study. Hepatol Commun. 2021 03; 5(3):478-490. Eksteen B, Bowlus CL, Montano-Loza AJ, Lefebvre E, Fischer L, Vig P, Martins EB, Ahmad J, Yimam KK, Pockros PJ, Feld JJ, Minuk G, Levy C. PMID: 33681680; PMCID: PMC7917279.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 12     Fields:    Translation:HumansCTClinical Trials
    49. Validity of an Automated Algorithm to Identify Cirrhosis Using Electronic Health Records in Patients with Primary Biliary Cholangitis. Clin Epidemiol. 2020; 12:1261-1267. Lu M, Bowlus CL, Lindor K, Rodriguez-Watson CV, Romanelli RJ, Haller IV, Anderson H, VanWormer JJ, Boscarino JA, Schmidt MA, Daida YG, Sahota A, Vincent J, Li J, Trudeau S, Rupp LB, Gordon SC, FOLD Investigators. PMID: 33204167; PMCID: PMC7666983.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1  
    50. Electronic health record alerts enhance mass screening for chronic hepatitis B. Sci Rep. 2020 11 05; 10(1):19153. Chak E, Li CS, Chen MS, MacDonald S, Bowlus C. PMID: 33154429; PMCID: PMC7644717.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6     Fields:    Translation:HumansPHPublic Health
    51. Bugs in Bile: A Fly in the Ointment? Liver Transpl. 2020 12; 26(12):1571-1572. Shah SK, Bowlus CL. PMID: 33010103.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    52. Role of Antinuclear Antibodies in Primary Biliary Cholangitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2020 10; 115(10):1604-1606. Levy C, Bowlus CL. PMID: 32701734.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    53. Clinical Management of Primary Biliary Cholangitis-Strategies and Evolving Trends. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2020 Oct; 59(2):175-194. Gao L, Wang L, Woo E, He X, Yang G, Bowlus C, Leung PSC, Gershwin ME. PMID: 31713023.
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    54. Inter- and Intra-individual Variation, and Limited Prognostic Utility, of Serum Alkaline Phosphatase in a Trial of Patients With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021 06; 19(6):1248-1257. Trivedi PJ, Muir AJ, Levy C, Bowlus CL, Manns MP, Lu X, Crans G, Chung C, Subramanian GM, Myers RP, Goodman Z, Chalasani N, Vierling JM, Guha IN, Hirschfield GM. PMID: 32707342.
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    55. Glycomic analysis of antibody indicates distinctive glycosylation profile in patients with autoimmune cholangitis. J Autoimmun. 2020 09; 113:102503. Zhou X, Kailemia MJ, Sun Y, Shuai Z, Yang GX, Dhaliwal S, Cristoferi L, Leung PSC, Invernizzi P, Bowlus CL, Lebrilla CB, Ansari AA, Ridgway WM, Zhang W, Gershwin ME. PMID: 32546343.
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    56. Primary Biliary Cholangitis: A Brief Overview. Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken). 2020 Mar; 15(3):100-104. Louie JS, Grandhe S, Matsukuma K, Bowlus CL. PMID: 32257120; PMCID: PMC7128028.
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    57. Healthcare Disparities Identified Between Hmong and Other Asian Origin Groups Living with Chronic Hepatitis B Infection in Sacramento County 2014-2017. J Community Health. 2020 04; 45(2):412-418. Wang T, Liu Y, Letran D, Dang JHT, Harris AM, Li CS, Chen MS, Bowlus CL, Chak E. PMID: 31612369; PMCID: PMC7489436.
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    58. A randomized, placebo-controlled, phase II study of obeticholic acid for primary sclerosing cholangitis. J Hepatol. 2020 07; 73(1):94-101. Kowdley KV, Vuppalanchi R, Levy C, Floreani A, Andreone P, LaRusso NF, Shrestha R, Trotter J, Goldberg D, Rushbrook S, Hirschfield GM, Schiano T, Jin Y, Pencek R, MacConell L, Shapiro D, Bowlus CL, AESOP Study Investigators. PMID: 32165251; PMCID: PMC8157171.
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    59. The use of biologics in the treatment of autoimmune liver disease. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2020 Apr; 29(4):385-398. Chang C, Tanaka A, Bowlus C, Gershwin ME. PMID: 32102572.
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    60. Effects of Tumor Necrosis Factor Antagonists in Patients With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020 09; 18(10):2295-2304.e2. Hedin CRH, Sado G, Ndegwa N, Lytvyak E, Mason A, Montano-Loza A, Gerussi A, Saffioti F, Thorburn D, Nilsson E, Larsson G, Moum BA, van Munster KN, Ponsioen CY, Levy C, Nogueira NF, Bowlus CL, Gotlieb N, Shibolet O, Lynch KD, Chapman RW, Rupp C, Vesterhus M, Jørgensen KK, Rorsman F, Schramm C, Sabino J, Vermeire S, Zago A, Cazzagon N, Marschall HU, Ytting H, Ben Belkacem K, Chazouilleres O, Almer S, International PSC Study Group, Bergquist A. PMID: 32068151.
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    61. Ursodeoxycholic Acid Treatment Preferentially Improves Overall Survival Among African Americans With Primary Biliary Cholangitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2020 02; 115(2):262-270. Gordon SC, Wu KH, Lindor K, Bowlus CL, Rodriguez CV, Anderson H, Boscarino JA, Trudeau S, Rupp LB, Haller IV, Romanelli RJ, VanWormer JJ, Schmidt MA, Daida YG, Sahota A, Vincent J, Zhang T, Li J, Lu M, FOLD Investigators. PMID: 31985529.
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    62. Cholangiocarcinoma in Patients with Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC): a Comprehensive Review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2020 Feb; 58(1):134-149. Song J, Li Y, Bowlus CL, Yang G, Leung PSC, Gershwin ME. PMID: 31463807.
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    63. Editorial: biochemical responses do not tell the whole story in primary biliary cholangitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2020 01; 51(1):177-178. Bowlus CL, Levy C. PMID: 31850576.
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    64. Statins, Fibrates, and Other Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Agonists for the Treatment of Cholestatic Liver Diseases. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 2020 Jan; 16(1):31-38. Dubrovsky AMK, Bowlus CL. PMID: 33867886; PMCID: PMC8040906.
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    65. Methylation signatures in peripheral blood are associated with marked age acceleration and disease progression in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. JHEP Rep. 2020 Feb; 2(1):100060. Trauner M, Gindin Y, Jiang Z, Chung C, Subramanian GM, Myers RP, Gulamhusein A, Kowdley KV, Levy C, Goodman Z, Manns MP, Muir AJ, Bowlus CL. PMID: 32039401; PMCID: PMC7005566.
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    66. Long-Term Obeticholic Acid Therapy Improves Histological Endpoints in Patients With Primary Biliary Cholangitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020 05; 18(5):1170-1178.e6. Bowlus CL, Pockros PJ, Kremer AE, Parés A, Forman LM, Drenth JPH, Ryder SD, Terracciano L, Jin Y, Liberman A, Pencek R, Iloeje U, MacConell L, Bedossa P. PMID: 31606455.
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    67. The challenges of primary biliary cholangitis: What is new and what needs to be done. J Autoimmun. 2019 12; 105:102328. Terziroli Beretta-Piccoli B, Mieli-Vergani G, Vergani D, Vierling JM, Adams D, Alpini G, Banales JM, Beuers U, Björnsson E, Bowlus C, Carbone M, Chazouillères O, Dalekos G, De Gottardi A, Harada K, Hirschfield G, Invernizzi P, Jones D, Krawitt E, Lanzavecchia A, Lian ZX, Ma X, Manns M, Mavilio D, Quigley EM, Sallusto F, Shimoda S, Strazzabosco M, Swain M, Tanaka A, Trauner M, Tsuneyama K, Zigmond E, Gershwin ME. PMID: 31548157.
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    68. AGA Clinical Practice Update on Surveillance for Hepatobiliary Cancers in Patients With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Expert Review. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019 11; 17(12):2416-2422. Bowlus CL, Lim JK, Lindor KD. PMID: 31306801.
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    69. Preventative care in cholestatic liver disease: Pearls for the specialist and subspecialist. Liver Res. 2019 Jun; 3(2):118-127. Malik A, Kardashian AA, Zakharia K, Bowlus CL, Tabibian JH. PMID: 32042471; PMCID: PMC7008979.
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    70. Effects of Vedolizumab in Patients With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020 01; 18(1):179-187.e6. Lynch KD, Chapman RW, Keshav S, Montano-Loza AJ, Mason AL, Kremer AE, Vetter M, de Krijger M, Ponsioen CY, Trivedi P, Hirschfield G, Schramm C, Liu CH, Bowlus CL, Estes DJ, Pratt D, Hedin C, Bergquist A, de Vries AC, van der Woude CJ, Yu L, Assis DN, Boyer J, Ytting H, Hallibasic E, Trauner M, Marschall HU, Daretti LM, Marzioni M, Yimam KK, Perin N, Floreani A, Beretta-Piccoli BT, Rogers JK, International Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Study Group (IPSCSG), Levy C. PMID: 31100458; PMCID: PMC6941216.
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    71. Therapeutic trials of biologics in primary biliary cholangitis: An open label study of abatacept and review of the literature. J Autoimmun. 2019 07; 101:26-34. Bowlus CL, Yang GX, Liu CH, Johnson CR, Dhaliwal SS, Frank D, Levy C, Peters MG, Vierling JM, Gershwin ME. PMID: 31027870.
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    72. Long-term efficacy and safety of obeticholic acid for patients with primary biliary cholangitis: 3-year results of an international open-label extension study. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019 06; 4(6):445-453. Trauner M, Nevens F, Shiffman ML, Drenth JPH, Bowlus CL, Vargas V, Andreone P, Hirschfield GM, Pencek R, Malecha ES, MacConell L, Shapiro D. PMID: 30922873.
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    73. The Nonsteroidal Farnesoid X Receptor Agonist Cilofexor (GS-9674) Improves Markers of Cholestasis and Liver Injury in Patients With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis. Hepatology. 2019 09; 70(3):788-801. Trauner M, Gulamhusein A, Hameed B, Caldwell S, Shiffman ML, Landis C, Eksteen B, Agarwal K, Muir A, Rushbrook S, Lu X, Xu J, Chuang JC, Billin AN, Li G, Chung C, Subramanian GM, Myers RP, Bowlus CL, Kowdley KV. PMID: 30661255; PMCID: PMC6767458.
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    74. Epigenomic signatures in liver and blood of Wilson disease patients include hypermethylation of liver-specific enhancers. Epigenetics Chromatin. 2019 02 01; 12(1):10. Mordaunt CE, Kieffer DA, Shibata NM, Czlonkowska A, Litwin T, Weiss KH, Zhu Y, Bowlus CL, Sarkar S, Cooper S, Wan YY, Ali MR, LaSalle JM, Medici V. PMID: 30709419; PMCID: PMC6357467.
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    75. A Randomized, Controlled, Phase 2 Study of Maralixibat in the Treatment of Itching Associated With Primary Biliary Cholangitis. Hepatol Commun. 2019 Mar; 3(3):365-381. Mayo MJ, Pockros PJ, Jones D, Bowlus CL, Levy C, Patanwala I, Bacon B, Luketic V, Vuppalanchi R, Medendorp S, Dorenbaum A, Kennedy C, Novak P, Gu J, Apostol G, Hirschfield GM. PMID: 30859149; PMCID: PMC6396374.
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    76. Simtuzumab for Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Phase 2 Study Results With Insights on the Natural History of the Disease. Hepatology. 2019 02; 69(2):684-698. Muir AJ, Levy C, Janssen HLA, Montano-Loza AJ, Shiffman ML, Caldwell S, Luketic V, Ding D, Jia C, McColgan BJ, McHutchison JG, Mani Subramanian G, Myers RP, Manns M, Chapman R, Afdhal NH, Goodman Z, Eksteen B, Bowlus CL, GS-US-321-0102 Investigators. PMID: 30153359.
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    77. Common Variable Immunodeficiency and Liver Involvement. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2018 Dec; 55(3):340-351. Song J, Lleo A, Yang GX, Zhang W, Bowlus CL, Gershwin ME, Leung PSC. PMID: 28785926; PMCID: PMC5803456.
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    78. Primary Biliary Cholangitis: 2018 Practice Guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology. 2019 01; 69(1):394-419. Lindor KD, Bowlus CL, Boyer J, Levy C, Mayo M. PMID: 30070375.
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    79. Etiopathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis. J Autoimmun. 2018 12; 95:133-143. Floreani A, Restrepo-Jiménez P, Secchi MF, De Martin S, Leung PSC, Krawitt E, Bowlus CL, Gershwin ME, Anaya JM. PMID: 30385083.
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    80. RARβ acts as both an upstream regulator and downstream effector of miR-22, which epigenetically regulates NUR77 to induce apoptosis of colon cancer cells. FASEB J. 2019 02; 33(2):2314-2326. Hu Y, French SW, Chau T, Liu HX, Sheng L, Wei F, Stondell J, Garcia JC, Du Y, Bowlus CL, Wan YY. PMID: 30252536; PMCID: PMC6338632.
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    81. Electronic Medical Alerts Increase Screening for Chronic Hepatitis B: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2018 11; 27(11):1352-1357. Chak E, Taefi A, Li CS, Chen MS, Harris AM, MacDonald S, Bowlus C. PMID: 30089680; PMCID: PMC6214733.
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    82. Primary biliary cholangitis: Diagnosis and treatment. Liver Research. 2018 Jun 1; 2(Lancet 362 9377 2003):81-86. Chew CM, Bowlus BC. .
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    83. Current Treatment Options for Primary Biliary Cholangitis. Clin Liver Dis. 2018 08; 22(3):481-500. Wong KA, Bahar R, Liu CH, Bowlus CL. PMID: 30259848.
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    84. Community-Based Services to Improve Testing and Linkage to Care Among Non-U.S.-Born Persons with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection - Three U.S. Programs, October 2014-September 2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018 May 18; 67(19):541-546. Harris AM, Link-Gelles R, Kim K, Chandrasekar E, Wang S, Bannister N, Pong P, Chak E, Chen MS, Bowlus C, Nelson NP. PMID: 29771873; PMCID: PMC6048941.
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    85. Development and validation of a primary sclerosing cholangitis-specific patient-reported outcomes instrument: The PSC PRO. Hepatology. 2018 07; 68(1):155-165. Younossi ZM, Afendy A, Stepanova M, Racila A, Nader F, Gomel R, Safer R, Lenderking WR, Skalicky A, Kleinman L, Myers RP, Subramanian GM, McHutchison JG, Levy C, Bowlus CL, Kowdley K, Muir AJ. PMID: 29152767.
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    86. Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging/3D-magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis: challenging for experts to interpret. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2018 07; 48(2):169-178. Zenouzi R, Liwinski T, Yamamura J, Weiler-Normann C, Sebode M, Keller S, Lohse AW, Schramm C, International PSC Study Group (IPSCSG). PMID: 29741240.
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    87. Lysyl oxidase-like protein 2 (LOXL2) modulates barrier function in cholangiocytes in cholestasis. J Hepatol. 2018 08; 69(2):368-377. Pollheimer MJ, Racedo S, Mikels-Vigdal A, Marshall D, Bowlus C, Lackner C, Madl T, Karlsen TH, Hov JR, Lyman SK, Adamkewicz J, Smith V, Moreau E, Zollner G, Eide TJ, Stojakovic T, Scharnagl H, Gruber HJ, Stauber RE, Trauner M, Fickert P. PMID: 29709678.
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    88. Characteristics and Outcomes Reported by Patients With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Through an Online Registry. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019 06; 17(7):1372-1378. Kuo A, Gomel R, Safer R, Lindor KD, Everson GT, Bowlus CL. PMID: 29705262.
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    89. Scratching the surface of cholestatic itch treatments. Hepatology. 2018 05; 67(5):2045-2048. Bowlus CL. PMID: 29194716.
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    90. The Clinical Significance of GP73 in Immunologically Mediated Chronic Liver Diseases: Experimental Data and Literature Review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2018 Apr; 54(2):282-294. Yao M, Wang L, Leung PSC, Li Y, Liu S, Wang L, Guo X, Zhou G, Yan Y, Guan G, Chen X, Bowlus CL, Liu T, Jia J, Gershwin ME, Ma X, Zhao J, Lu F. PMID: 29256057.
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    91. A real-world observational cohort of patients with primary biliary cholangitis: TARGET-primary biliary cholangitis study design and rationale. Hepatol Commun. 2018 May; 2(5):484-491. Levy C, Bowlus CL, Carey E, Crawford JM, Deane K, Mayo MJ, Kim WR, Fried MW. PMID: 29761165; PMCID: PMC5944592.
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    92. Update on New Drugs and Those in Development for the Treatment of Primary Biliary Cholangitis. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 2018 Mar; 14(3):154-163. Bahar R, Wong KA, Liu CH, Bowlus CL. PMID: 29928160; PMCID: PMC6004046.
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    93. Chapter 17 Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis. . 2018 Jan 1; (Gastroenterology1342008):233-242. Bowlus BC. .
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    94. Increasing Prevalence of Primary Biliary Cholangitis and Reduced Mortality With Treatment. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018 08; 16(8):1342-1350.e1. Lu M, Zhou Y, Haller IV, Romanelli RJ, VanWormer JJ, Rodriguez CV, Anderson H, Boscarino JA, Schmidt MA, Daida YG, Sahota A, Vincent J, Bowlus CL, Lindor K, Zhang T, Trudeau S, Li J, Rupp LB, Gordon SC, Fibrotic Liver Disease Consortium Investigators. PMID: 29277621.
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    95. Primary sclerosing cholangitis: A review and update. Liver Res. 2017 Dec; 1(4):221-230. Tabibian JH, Bowlus CL. PMID: 29977644; PMCID: PMC6028044.
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    96. Evaluation of indeterminate biliary strictures. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017 12; 14(12):749. Bowlus CL, Olson KA, Gershwin ME. PMID: 29094722.
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    97. Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Is Not Rare Among Blacks in a Multicenter North American Consortium. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018 04; 16(4):591-593. Goldberg DS, Levy C, Yimam K, Gordon SC, Forman L, Verna E, Yu L, Rahimi R, Schwarz K, Eksteen B, Pratt D, Boyer JL, Assis D, Bowlus C. PMID: 29102704; PMCID: PMC5860952.
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    98. Factors Associated With Prevalence and Treatment of Primary Biliary Cholangitis in United States Health Systems. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018 08; 16(8):1333-1341.e6. Lu M, Li J, Haller IV, Romanelli RJ, VanWormer JJ, Rodriguez CV, Raebel MA, Boscarino JA, Schmidt MA, Daida YG, Sahota A, Vincent J, Bowlus CL, Lindor K, Rupp LB, Gordon SC, FOLD Investigators. PMID: 29066370.
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    99. Seladelpar (MBX-8025), a selective PPAR-δ agonist, in patients with primary biliary cholangitis with an inadequate response to ursodeoxycholic acid: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2, proof-of-concept study. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017 10; 2(10):716-726. Jones D, Boudes PF, Swain MG, Bowlus CL, Galambos MR, Bacon BR, Doerffel Y, Gitlin N, Gordon SC, Odin JA, Sheridan D, Wörns MA, Clark V, Corless L, Hartmann H, Jonas ME, Kremer AE, Mells GF, Buggisch P, Freilich BL, Levy C, Vierling JM, Bernstein DE, Hartleb M, Janczewska E, Rochling F, Shah H, Shiffman ML, Smith JH, Choi YJ, Steinberg A, Varga M, Chera H, Martin R, McWherter CA, Hirschfield GM. PMID: 28818518.
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    100. Genetic association analysis identifies variants associated with disease progression in primary sclerosing cholangitis. Gut. 2018 08; 67(8):1517-1524. Alberts R, de Vries EMG, Goode EC, Jiang X, Sampaziotis F, Rombouts K, Böttcher K, Folseraas T, Weismüller TJ, Mason AL, Wang W, Alexander G, Alvaro D, Bergquist A, Björkström NK, Beuers U, Björnsson E, Boberg KM, Bowlus CL, Bragazzi MC, Carbone M, Chazouillères O, Cheung A, Dalekos G, Eaton J, Eksteen B, Ellinghaus D, Färkkilä M, Festen EAM, Floreani A, Franceschet I, Gotthardt DN, Hirschfield GM, Hoek BV, Holm K, Hohenester S, Hov JR, Imhann F, Invernizzi P, Juran BD, Lenzen H, Lieb W, Liu JZ, Marschall HU, Marzioni M, Melum E, Milkiewicz P, Müller T, Pares A, Rupp C, Rust C, Sandford RN, Schramm C, Schreiber S, Schrumpf E, Silverberg MS, Srivastava B, Sterneck M, Teufel A, Vallier L, Verheij J, Vila AV, Vries B, Zachou K, International PSC Study Group, The UK PSC Consortium, Chapman RW, Manns MP, Pinzani M, Rushbrook SM, Lazaridis KN, Franke A, Anderson CA, Karlsen TH, Ponsioen CY, Weersma RK. PMID: 28779025; PMCID: PMC5797498.
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    101. Autoreactive monoclonal antibodies from patients with primary biliary cholangitis recognize environmental xenobiotics. Hepatology. 2017 09; 66(3):885-895. Tanaka T, Zhang W, Sun Y, Shuai Z, Chida AS, Kenny TP, Yang GX, Sanz I, Ansari A, Bowlus CL, Ippolito GC, Coppel RL, Okazaki K, He XS, Leung PSC, Gershwin ME. PMID: 28470667; PMCID: PMC5570636.
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    102. HLA haplotypes in primary sclerosing cholangitis patients of admixed and non-European ancestry. HLA. 2017 10; 90(4):228-233. Henriksen EKK, Viken MK, Wittig M, Holm K, Folseraas T, Mucha S, Melum E, Hov JR, Lazaridis KN, Juran BD, Chazouillères O, Färkkilä M, Gotthardt DN, Invernizzi P, Carbone M, Hirschfield GM, Rushbrook SM, Goode E, UK-PSC Consortium, Ponsioen CY, Weersma RK, Eksteen B, Yimam KK, Gordon SC, Goldberg D, Yu L, Bowlus CL, Franke A, Lie BA, Karlsen TH. PMID: 28695657; PMCID: PMC7359736.
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    103. The Management of Autoimmune Hepatitis Patients with Decompensated Cirrhosis: Real-World Experience and a Comprehensive Review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2017 Jun; 52(3):424-435. Wang Z, Sheng L, Yang Y, Yang F, Xiao X, Hua J, Guo C, Wei Y, Tang R, Miao Q, Zhang J, Li Y, Fang J, Qiu D, Krawitt EL, Bowlus CL, Gershwin ME, Wang Q, Ma X. PMID: 27515672.
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    104. Geoepidemiology and changing mortality in primary biliary cholangitis. J Gastroenterol. 2017 Jun; 52(6):655-662. Floreani A, Tanaka A, Bowlus C, Gershwin ME. PMID: 28365879.
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    105. Human β-Defensin 2 in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis. Clin Transl Gastroenterol. 2017 Mar 16; 8(3):e80. Chang C, Lleo A, Kananurak A, Grizzi F, Tsuneyama K, Invernizzi P, Bevins CL, Bowlus CL. PMID: 28300822; PMCID: PMC5387757.
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    106. Patient Age, Sex, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Phenotype Associate With Course of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis. Gastroenterology. 2017 06; 152(8):1975-1984.e8. Weismüller TJ, Trivedi PJ, Bergquist A, Imam M, Lenzen H, Ponsioen CY, Holm K, Gotthardt D, Färkkilä MA, Marschall HU, Thorburn D, Weersma RK, Fevery J, Mueller T, Chazouillères O, Schulze K, Lazaridis KN, Almer S, Pereira SP, Levy C, Mason A, Naess S, Bowlus CL, Floreani A, Halilbasic E, Yimam KK, Milkiewicz P, Beuers U, Huynh DK, Pares A, Manser CN, Dalekos GN, Eksteen B, Invernizzi P, Berg CP, Kirchner GI, Sarrazin C, Zimmer V, Fabris L, Braun F, Marzioni M, Juran BD, Said K, Rupp C, Jokelainen K, Benito de Valle M, Saffioti F, Cheung A, Trauner M, Schramm C, Chapman RW, Karlsen TH, Schrumpf E, Strassburg CP, Manns MP, Lindor KD, Hirschfield GM, Hansen BE, Boberg KM, International PSC Study Group. PMID: 28274849; PMCID: PMC5546611.
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    107. The evolution of natural history of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2017 03; 33(2):71-77. Takakura WR, Tabibian JH, Bowlus CL. PMID: 28030370; PMCID: PMC5538137.
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    108. Ledipasvir-sofosbuvir and sofosbuvir plus ribavirin in patients with chronic hepatitis C and bleeding disorders. Haemophilia. 2017 Mar; 23(2):198-206. Walsh CE, Workowski K, Terrault NA, Sax PE, Cohen A, Bowlus CL, Kim AY, Hyland RH, Han B, Wang J, Stamm LM, Brainard DM, McHutchison JG, von Drygalski A, Rhame F, Fried MW, Kouides P, Balba G, Reddy KR. PMID: 28124511.
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    109. Primary Biliary Cholangitis: Its Science and Practice. . 2017 Jan 1; 129-182. Wang WL, Bowlus BC, Wang WF, Gershwin GM. .
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    110. Epidemiology and Natural History of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis. . 2017 Jan 1; 1-11. Bowlus BC. .
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    111. Genome-wide association study of primary sclerosing cholangitis identifies new risk loci and quantifies the genetic relationship with inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Genet. 2017 Feb; 49(2):269-273. Ji SG, Juran BD, Mucha S, Folseraas T, Jostins L, Melum E, Kumasaka N, Atkinson EJ, Schlicht EM, Liu JZ, Shah T, Gutierrez-Achury J, Boberg KM, Bergquist A, Vermeire S, Eksteen B, Durie PR, Farkkila M, Müller T, Schramm C, Sterneck M, Weismüller TJ, Gotthardt DN, Ellinghaus D, Braun F, Teufel A, Laudes M, Lieb W, Jacobs G, Beuers U, Weersma RK, Wijmenga C, Marschall HU, Milkiewicz P, Pares A, Kontula K, Chazouillères O, Invernizzi P, Goode E, Spiess K, Moore C, Sambrook J, Ouwehand WH, Roberts DJ, Danesh J, Floreani A, Gulamhusein AF, Eaton JE, Schreiber S, Coltescu C, Bowlus CL, Luketic VA, Odin JA, Chopra KB, Kowdley KV, Chalasani N, Manns MP, Srivastava B, Mells G, Sandford RN, Alexander G, Gaffney DJ, Chapman RW, Hirschfield GM, de Andrade M, UK-PSC Consortium, International IBD Genetics Consortium, International PSC Study Group, Rushbrook SM, Franke A, Karlsen TH, Lazaridis KN, Anderson CA. PMID: 27992413; PMCID: PMC5540332.
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    112. Racial/ethnic disparities in hepatocellular carcinoma treatment and survival in California, 1988-2012. World J Gastroenterol. 2016 Oct 14; 22(38):8584-8595. Stewart SL, Kwong SL, Bowlus CL, Nguyen TT, Maxwell AE, Bastani R, Chak EW, Chen MS. PMID: 27784971; PMCID: PMC5064040.
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    113. Primary Biliary Cholangitis: Medical and Specialty Pharmacy Management Update. J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 2016 Oct; 22(10-a-s Suppl):S3-S15. Bowlus CL, Kenney JT, Rice G, Navarro R. PMID: 27700211; PMCID: PMC10408407.
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    114. Obeticholic acid for the treatment of primary biliary cholangitis in adult patients: clinical utility and patient selection. Hepat Med. 2016; 8:89-95. Bowlus CL. PMID: 27621676; PMCID: PMC5012622.
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    115. A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Obeticholic Acid in Primary Biliary Cholangitis. N Engl J Med. 2016 Aug 18; 375(7):631-43. Nevens F, Andreone P, Mazzella G, Strasser SI, Bowlus C, Invernizzi P, Drenth JP, Pockros PJ, Regula J, Beuers U, Trauner M, Jones DE, Floreani A, Hohenester S, Luketic V, Shiffman M, van Erpecum KJ, Vargas V, Vincent C, Hirschfield GM, Shah H, Hansen B, Lindor KD, Marschall HU, Kowdley KV, Hooshmand-Rad R, Marmon T, Sheeron S, Pencek R, MacConell L, Pruzanski M, Shapiro D, POISE Study Group. PMID: 27532829.
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    116. Endogenous interleukin-22 protects against inflammatory bowel disease but not autoimmune cholangitis in dominant negative form of transforming growth factor beta receptor type II mice. Clin Exp Immunol. 2016 08; 185(2):154-64. Yang GX, Sun Y, Tsuneyama K, Zhang W, Leung PS, He XS, Ansari AA, Bowlus C, Ridgway WM, Gershwin ME. PMID: 27148790; PMCID: PMC4955007.
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    117. Improving Healthcare Systems to Reduce Healthcare Disparities in Viral Hepatitis. Dig Dis Sci. 2016 10; 61(10):2776-2783. Chak EW, Sarkar S, Bowlus C. PMID: 27234269.
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    118. Serum microRNAs as novel biomarkers for primary sclerosing cholangitis and cholangiocarcinoma. Clin Exp Immunol. 2016 07; 185(1):61-71. Bernuzzi F, Marabita F, Lleo A, Carbone M, Mirolo M, Marzioni M, Alpini G, Alvaro D, Boberg KM, Locati M, Torzilli G, Rimassa L, Piscaglia F, He XS, Bowlus CL, Yang GX, Gershwin ME, Invernizzi P. PMID: 26864161; PMCID: PMC4908296.
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    119. Management of symptom complexes in primary biliary cholangitis. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2016 May; 32(3):204-9. Kuo A, Kuo A, Bowlus CL. PMID: 26825590.
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    120. Autotaxin, Pruritus and Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC). Autoimmun Rev. 2016 Aug; 15(8):795-800. Sun Y, Zhang W, Evans JF, Floreani A, Zou Z, Nishio Y, Qi R, Leung PS, Bowlus CL, Gershwin ME. PMID: 27019050.
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    121. Proposed therapies in primary biliary cholangitis. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016; 10(3):371-382. Floreani A, Sun Y, Zou ZS, Li B, Cazzagon N, Bowlus CL, Gershwin ME. PMID: 26577047; PMCID: PMC4935759.
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    122. IL-35 and Autoimmunity: a Comprehensive Perspective. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2015 Dec; 49(3):327-32. Choi J, Leung PS, Bowlus C, Gershwin ME. PMID: 25619872.
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    123. Evaluation of indeterminate biliary strictures. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016 Jan; 13(1):28-37. Bowlus CL, Olson KA, Gershwin ME. PMID: 26526122.
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    124. Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Multiple Phenotypes, Multiple Approaches. Clin Liver Dis. 2016 Feb; 20(1):67-77. Sarkar S, Bowlus CL. PMID: 26593291; PMCID: PMC4662051.
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    125. The modulation of co-stimulatory molecules by circulating exosomes in primary biliary cirrhosis. Cell Mol Immunol. 2017 Mar; 14(3):276-284. Tomiyama T, Yang GX, Zhao M, Zhang W, Tanaka H, Wang J, Leung PS, Okazaki K, He XS, Lu Q, Coppel RL, Bowlus CL, Gershwin ME. PMID: 26388238; PMCID: PMC5360882.
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    126. New therapies for primary biliary cirrhosis. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2015 Jun; 48(2-3):263-72. Floreani A, Franceschet I, Perini L, Cazzagon N, Gershwin ME, Bowlus CL. PMID: 25331740.
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    127. Incidence and risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in primary biliary cirrhosis. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2015 Jun; 48(2-3):132-41. Rong G, Wang H, Bowlus CL, Wang C, Lu Y, Zeng Z, Qu J, Lou M, Chen Y, An L, Yang Y, Gershwin ME. PMID: 25762349.
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    128. Capsule commentary on Mukhtar et al., Assessment of HBV preventive services in a medically underserved Asian and Pacific Islander population using provider and patient data. J Gen Intern Med. 2015 Jun; 30(6):866. Torruellas C, Bowlus CL. PMID: 25820546; PMCID: PMC4441667.
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    129. Immunological potential of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 immunoglobulin in murine autoimmune cholangitis. Clin Exp Immunol. 2015 Jun; 180(3):371-82. Tanaka H, Yang GX, Tomiyama T, Tsuneyama K, Zhang W, Leung PS, Coppel RL, Joh T, Nadler SG, Ansari AA, Bowlus C, Gershwin ME. PMID: 25581259; PMCID: PMC4449766.
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    130. Advances in pharmacotherapy for primary biliary cirrhosis. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2015 Apr; 16(5):633-43. Mousa HS, Lleo A, Invernizzi P, Bowlus CL, Gershwin ME. PMID: 25543678; PMCID: PMC4591873.
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    131. Obeticholic acid for the treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis. Expert Opinion on Orphan Drugs. 2014 Dec 1; 2(12):1351-1358. Yimam YK, Bowlus BC. .
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    132. Anti-kelch-like 12 and anti-hexokinase 1: novel autoantibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis. Liver Int. 2015 Feb; 35(2):642-51. Norman GL, Yang CY, Ostendorff HP, Shums Z, Lim MJ, Wang J, Awad A, Hirschfield GM, Milkiewicz P, Bloch DB, Rothschild KJ, Bowlus CL, Adamopoulos IE, Leung PS, Janssen HJ, Cheung AC, Coltescu C, Gershwin ME. PMID: 25243383; PMCID: PMC4305042.
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    133. Ongoing activation of autoantigen-specific B cells in primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2014 Nov; 60(5):1708-16. Zhang J, Zhang W, Leung PS, Bowlus CL, Dhaliwal S, Coppel RL, Ansari AA, Yang GX, Wang J, Kenny TP, He XS, Mackay IR, Gershwin ME. PMID: 25043065; PMCID: PMC4211937.
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    134. IL-12/Th1 and IL-23/Th17 biliary microenvironment in primary biliary cirrhosis: implications for therapy. Hepatology. 2014 May; 59(5):1944-53. Yang CY, Ma X, Tsuneyama K, Huang S, Takahashi T, Chalasani NP, Bowlus CL, Yang GX, Leung PS, Ansari AA, Wu L, Coppel RL, Gershwin ME. PMID: 24375552; PMCID: PMC3999171.
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    135. Primary sclerosing cholangitis: One disease or several? Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken). 2014 Feb; 3(2):34-37. Bowlus CL. PMID: 31236267; PMCID: PMC6567859.
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    136. The diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis. Autoimmun Rev. 2014 Apr-May; 13(4-5):441-4. Bowlus CL, Gershwin ME. PMID: 24424173; PMCID: PMC3987745.
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    137. Diagnosis and classification of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Autoimmun Rev. 2014 Apr-May; 13(4-5):445-50. Yimam KK, Bowlus CL. PMID: 24424180.
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    138. Chapter 34 p53 Autoantibodies. . 2014 Jan 1; 289-294. Bowlus BC. .
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    139. Chapter 37 Cytoskeletal Autoantibodies/Antiactin Antibodies. . 2014 Jan 1; 311-317. Aoki AC, Bowlus BC. .
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    140. Diagnostic Liver Immunology. . 2014 Jan 1; 45-53. Bowlus BC. .
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    141. Anti-CD40 ligand monoclonal antibody delays the progression of murine autoimmune cholangitis. Clin Exp Immunol. 2013 Dec; 174(3):364-71. Tanaka H, Yang GX, Iwakoshi N, Knechtle SJ, Kawata K, Tsuneyama K, Leung P, Coppel RL, Ansari AA, Joh T, Bowlus C, Gershwin ME. PMID: 23981074; PMCID: PMC3826303.
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    142. Antimitochondrial antibody recognition and structural integrity of the inner lipoyl domain of the E2 subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. J Immunol. 2013 Sep 01; 191(5):2126-33. Wang J, Budamagunta MS, Voss JC, Kurth MJ, Lam KS, Lu L, Kenny TP, Bowlus C, Kikuchi K, Coppel RL, Ansari AA, Gershwin ME, Leung PS. PMID: 23894195; PMCID: PMC3759514.
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    143. Increasing hepatitis B screening for hmong adults: results from a randomized controlled community-based study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2013 May; 22(5):782-91. Chen MS, Fang DM, Stewart SL, Ly MY, Lee S, Dang JH, Nguyen TT, Maxwell AE, Bowlus CL, Bastani R, Nguyen TT. PMID: 23613027; PMCID: PMC3650126.
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    144. Dense genotyping of immune-related disease regions identifies nine new risk loci for primary sclerosing cholangitis. Nat Genet. 2013 Jun; 45(6):670-5. Liu JZ, Hov JR, Folseraas T, Ellinghaus E, Rushbrook SM, Doncheva NT, Andreassen OA, Weersma RK, Weismüller TJ, Eksteen B, Invernizzi P, Hirschfield GM, Gotthardt DN, Pares A, Ellinghaus D, Shah T, Juran BD, Milkiewicz P, Rust C, Schramm C, Müller T, Srivastava B, Dalekos G, Nöthen MM, Herms S, Winkelmann J, Mitrovic M, Braun F, Ponsioen CY, Croucher PJ, Sterneck M, Teufel A, Mason AL, Saarela J, Leppa V, Dorfman R, Alvaro D, Floreani A, Onengut-Gumuscu S, Rich SS, Thompson WK, Schork AJ, Næss S, Thomsen I, Mayr G, König IR, Hveem K, Cleynen I, Gutierrez-Achury J, Ricaño-Ponce I, van Heel D, Björnsson E, Sandford RN, Durie PR, Melum E, Vatn MH, Silverberg MS, Duerr RH, Padyukov L, Brand S, Sans M, Annese V, Achkar JP, Boberg KM, Marschall HU, Chazouillères O, Bowlus CL, Wijmenga C, Schrumpf E, Vermeire S, Albrecht M, UK-PSCSC Consortium, Rioux JD, Alexander G, Bergquist A, Cho J, Schreiber S, Manns MP, Färkkilä M, Dale AM, Chapman RW, Lazaridis KN, International PSC Study Group, Franke A, Anderson CA, Karlsen TH, International IBD Genetics Consortium. PMID: 23603763; PMCID: PMC3667736.
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    145. Antimitochondrial antibody heterogeneity and the xenobiotic etiology of primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2013 Apr; 57(4):1498-508. Chen RC, Naiyanetr P, Shu SA, Wang J, Yang GX, Kenny TP, Guggenheim KC, Butler JD, Bowlus C, Tao MH, Kurth MJ, Ansari AA, Kaplan M, Coppel RL, Lleo A, Gershwin ME, Leung PS. PMID: 23184636; PMCID: PMC3601563.
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    146. Chapter 101 Iron Metabolism and Related Disorders. . 2013 Jan 1; 1-41. Hoda HK, Bowlus BC, Chu CT, Gruen GJ. .
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    147. Immunological orchestration of liver fibrosis. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2012 Dec; 43(3):220-9. Tanaka H, Leung PS, Kenny TP, Gershwin ME, Bowlus CL. PMID: 22695942.
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    148. The immunophysiology and apoptosis of biliary epithelial cells: primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2012 Dec; 43(3):230-41. Kawata K, Kobayashi Y, Gershwin ME, Bowlus CL. PMID: 22689287.
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    149. Electronic messages increase hepatitis B screening in at-risk Asian American patients: a randomized, controlled trial. Dig Dis Sci. 2013 Mar; 58(3):807-14. Hsu L, Bowlus CL, Stewart SL, Nguyen TT, Dang J, Chan B, Chen MS. PMID: 23073671; PMCID: PMC3578075.
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    150. Interim report of a randomized cross-over study comparing clinical performance of novice trainee endoscopists using conventional air insufflation versus warm water infusion colonoscopy. J Interv Gastroenterol. 2012 Jul; 2(3):135-139. Ngo C, Leung JW, Mann SK, Terrado C, Bowlus C, Ingram D, Leung FW. PMID: 23805395; PMCID: PMC3655369.
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    151. Biochemical and immunologic effects of rituximab in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and an incomplete response to ursodeoxycholic acid. Hepatology. 2012 Feb; 55(2):512-21. Tsuda M, Moritoki Y, Lian ZX, Zhang W, Yoshida K, Wakabayashi K, Yang GX, Nakatani T, Vierling J, Lindor K, Gershwin ME, Bowlus CL. PMID: 22006563.
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    152. Primary sclerosing cholangitis: etiopathogenesis and clinical management. Front Biosci (Elite Ed). 2012 01 01; 4(5):1683-705. Gupta A, Bowlus CL. PMID: 22201985.
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    153. Chapter 15 Primary sclerosing cholangitis. . 2012 Jan 1; (Semin Immunopathol312009):208-218. Bowlus BC. .
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    154. S-adenosyl-L-methionine treatment for alcoholic liver disease: a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2011 Nov; 35(11):1960-5. Medici V, Virata MC, Peerson JM, Stabler SP, French SW, Gregory JF, Albanese A, Bowlus CL, Devaraj S, Panacek EA, Richards JR, Halsted CH. PMID: 22044287; PMCID: PMC3315189.
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    155. Fine phenotypic and functional characterization of effector cluster of differentiation 8 positive T cells in human patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2011 Oct; 54(4):1293-302. Tsuda M, Ambrosini YM, Zhang W, Yang GX, Ando Y, Rong G, Tsuneyama K, Sumida K, Shimoda S, Bowlus CL, Leung PS, He XS, Coppel RL, Ansari AA, Lian ZX, Gershwin ME. PMID: 21735469; PMCID: PMC3184190.
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    156. Cutting edge issues in primary sclerosing cholangitis. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2011 Oct; 41(2):139-50. Bowlus CL. PMID: 21170605.
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    157. The prevalence, incidence and natural history of primary sclerosing cholangitis in an ethnically diverse population. BMC Gastroenterol. 2011 Jul 18; 11:83. Toy E, Balasubramanian S, Selmi C, Li CS, Bowlus CL. PMID: 21767410; PMCID: PMC3160402.
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    158. Epithelial cell specificity and apotope recognition by serum autoantibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2011 Jul; 54(1):196-203. Rong G, Zhong R, Lleo A, Leung PS, Bowlus CL, Yang GX, Yang CY, Coppel RL, Ansari AA, Cuebas DA, Worman HJ, Invernizzi P, Gores GJ, Norman G, He XS, Gershwin ME. PMID: 21488079; PMCID: PMC3125447.
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    159. T cell clonal expansions detected in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis express CX3CR1. J Autoimmun. 2011 Sep; 37(2):71-8. Zhang W, Ono Y, Miyamura Y, Bowlus CL, Gershwin ME, Maverakis E. PMID: 21636249; PMCID: PMC4018194.
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    160. Primary biliary cirrhosis. Lancet. 2011 May 07; 377(9777):1600-9. Selmi C, Bowlus CL, Gershwin ME, Coppel RL. PMID: 21529926.
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    161. Boceprevir for untreated chronic HCV genotype 1 infection. N Engl J Med. 2011 Mar 31; 364(13):1195-206. Poordad F, McCone J, Bacon BR, Bruno S, Manns MP, Sulkowski MS, Jacobson IM, Reddy KR, Goodman ZD, Boparai N, DiNubile MJ, Sniukiene V, Brass CA, Albrecht JK, Bronowicki JP, SPRINT-2 Investigators. PMID: 21449783; PMCID: PMC3766849.
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    162. In situ mass spectrometry of autoimmune liver diseases. Cell Mol Immunol. 2011 May; 8(3):237-42. Bowlus CL, Seeley EH, Roder J, Grigorieva J, Roder H, Caprioli RM, Gershwin M. PMID: 21258365; PMCID: PMC3518928.
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    163. Primary sclerosing cholangitis in genetically diverse populations listed for liver transplantation: unique clinical and human leukocyte antigen associations. Liver Transpl. 2010 Nov; 16(11):1324-30. Bowlus CL, Li CS, Karlsen TH, Lie BA, Selmi C. PMID: 21031548; PMCID: PMC2967453.
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    164. Biliary apotopes and anti-mitochondrial antibodies activate innate immune responses in primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2010 Sep; 52(3):987-98. Lleo A, Bowlus CL, Yang GX, Invernizzi P, Podda M, Van de Water J, Ansari AA, Coppel RL, Worman HJ, Gores GJ, Gershwin ME. PMID: 20568301; PMCID: PMC2932809.
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    165. Impaired homocysteine transsulfuration is an indicator of alcoholic liver disease. J Hepatol. 2010 Sep; 53(3):551-7. Medici V, Peerson JM, Stabler SP, French SW, Gregory JF, Virata MC, Albanese A, Bowlus CL, Devaraj S, Panacek EA, Rahim N, Richards JR, Rossaro L, Halsted CH. PMID: 20561703; PMCID: PMC2923260.
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    166. Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen in US-born and foreign-born Asian/Pacific Islander college students. J Am Coll Health. 2010; 59(1):37-41. Quang YN, Vu J, Yuk J, Li CS, Chen M, Bowlus CL. PMID: 20670927; PMCID: PMC2982672.
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    167. The geoepidemiology of autoimmune intestinal diseases. Autoimmun Rev. 2010 Mar; 9(5):A372-8. Logan I, Bowlus CL. PMID: 19903540.
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    168. Lymphocyte recruitment and homing to the liver in primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Semin Immunopathol. 2009 Sep; 31(3):309-22. Borchers AT, Shimoda S, Bowlus C, Keen CL, Gershwin ME. PMID: 19533132; PMCID: PMC2758172.
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    169. The immunobiology of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Semin Immunopathol. 2009 Sep; 31(3):383-97. Aron JH, Bowlus CL. PMID: 19468733; PMCID: PMC2758173.
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    170. B cells suppress the inflammatory response in a mouse model of primary biliary cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 2009 Mar; 136(3):1037-47. Moritoki Y, Zhang W, Tsuneyama K, Yoshida K, Wakabayashi K, Yang GX, Bowlus C, Ridgway WM, Ueno Y, Ansari AA, Coppel RL, Mackay IR, Flavell RA, Gershwin ME, Lian ZX. PMID: 19118554.
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    171. Anti-mitochondrial antibody-negative primary biliary cirrhosis. Clin Liver Dis. 2008 Feb; 12(1):173-85, ix. Selmi C, Zuin M, Bowlus CL, Gershwin ME. PMID: 18242503.
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    172. Exenatide effects on diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular risk factors and hepatic biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes treated for at least 3 years. Curr Med Res Opin. 2008 Jan; 24(1):275-86. Klonoff DC, Buse JB, Nielsen LL, Guan X, Bowlus CL, Holcombe JH, Wintle ME, Maggs DG. PMID: 18053320.
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    173. Effect of penicillamine and zinc on iron metabolism in Wilson's disease. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2007 Dec; 42(12):1495-500. Medici V, Di Leo V, Lamboglia F, Bowlus CL, Tseng SC, D'Incà R, Irato P, Burra P, Martines D, Sturniolo GC. PMID: 17994470.
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    174. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: the new epidemic and the need for novel nutritional approaches. J Med Food. 2007 Dec; 10(4):563-5. Selmi C, Bowlus CL, Keen CL, Gershwin ME. PMID: 18158823.
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    175. Quality of life and everyday activities in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2007 Dec; 46(6):1836-43. Selmi C, Gershwin ME, Lindor KD, Worman HJ, Gold EB, Watnik M, Utts J, Invernizzi P, Kaplan MM, Vierling JM, Bowlus CL, Silveira MG, Bossi I, USA PBC Epidemiology Group. PMID: 18027862; PMCID: PMC3148769.
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    176. De novo nonalcoholic fatty liver disease after liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 2007 Jun; 13(6):844-7. Seo S, Maganti K, Khehra M, Ramsamooj R, Tsodikov A, Bowlus C, McVicar J, Zern M, Torok N. PMID: 17029282.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 51     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    177. Iron homeostasis during transfusional iron overload in beta-thalassemia and sickle cell disease: changes in iron regulatory protein, hepcidin, and ferritin expression. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2007 Jun; 24(4):237-43. Jenkins ZA, Hagar W, Bowlus CL, Johansson HE, Harmatz P, Vichinsky EP, Theil EC. PMID: 17613866.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 14     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    178. Metabolic effects of two years of exenatide treatment on diabetes, obesity, and hepatic biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes: an interim analysis of data from the open-label, uncontrolled extension of three double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Clin Ther. 2007 Jan; 29(1):139-53. Buse JB, Klonoff DC, Nielsen LL, Guan X, Bowlus CL, Holcombe JH, Maggs DG, Wintle ME. PMID: 17379054.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 88     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    179. 41 CYTOSKELETAL AUTOANTIBODIES/ANTI-ACTIN ANTIBODIES. . 2007 Jan 1; 309-316. AOKI AC, BOWLUS BC. .
      View in: Publisher Site   Mentions:
    180. Tumor Immunology. . 2007 Jan 1; 137-149. Bowlus BC. .
      View in: Publisher Site   Mentions:
    181. Differential gene expression between flat adenoma and normal mucosa in the colon in a microarray analysis. J Gastroenterol. 2006 Nov; 41(11):1053-63. Kita H, Hikichi Y, Hikami K, Tsuneyama K, Cui ZG, Osawa H, Ohnishi H, Mutoh H, Hoshino H, Bowlus CL, Yamamoto H, Sugano K. PMID: 17160516.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 26     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    182. Changes in plasma ghrelin levels, gastric ghrelin production, and body weight after Helicobacter pylori cure. J Gastroenterol. 2006 Oct; 41(10):954-61. Osawa H, Kita H, Ohnishi H, Nakazato M, Date Y, Bowlus CL, Ishino Y, Watanabe E, Shiiya T, Ueno H, Hoshino H, Satoh K, Sugano K. PMID: 17096064.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 30     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    183. IL-2 receptor alpha deficiency and features of primary biliary cirrhosis. J Autoimmun. 2006 Aug; 27(1):50-3. Aoki CA, Roifman CM, Lian ZX, Bowlus CL, Norman GL, Shoenfeld Y, Mackay IR, Gershwin ME. PMID: 16904870.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 69     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    184. The potentiating and protective effects of ascorbate on oxidative stress depend upon the concentration of dietary iron fed C3H mice. J Nutr Biochem. 2007 Apr; 18(4):272-8. Premkumar K, Min K, Alkan Z, Hawkes WC, Ebeler S, Bowlus CL. PMID: 16860981.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    185. Gene expression by PBMC in primary sclerosing cholangitis: evidence for dysregulation of immune mediated genes. Clin Dev Immunol. 2006 Jun-Dec; 13(2-4):265-71. Aoki CA, Dawson K, Kenny TP, Gershwin ME, Bowlus CL. PMID: 17162367; PMCID: PMC2270783.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    186. Revisiting hereditary hemochromatosis: current concepts and progress. Am J Med. 2006 May; 119(5):391-9. Yen AW, Fancher TL, Bowlus CL. PMID: 16651049.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 12     Fields:    Translation:HumansPHPublic Health
    187. Analysis of MAdCAM-1 and ICAM-1 polymorphisms in 365 Scandinavian patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. J Hepatol. 2006 Nov; 45(5):704-10. Bowlus CL, Karlsen TH, Broomé U, Thorsby E, Vatn M, Schrumpf E, Lie BA, Boberg KM. PMID: 16750586.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 7     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    188. Liver-targeted and peripheral blood alterations of regulatory T cells in primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2006 Apr; 43(4):729-37. Lan RY, Cheng C, Lian ZX, Tsuneyama K, Yang GX, Moritoki Y, Chuang YH, Nakamura T, Saito S, Shimoda S, Tanaka A, Bowlus CL, Takano Y, Ansari AA, Coppel RL, Gershwin ME. PMID: 16557534.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 102     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    189. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) and autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev. 2005 Sep; 4(7):450-9. Aoki CA, Borchers AT, Li M, Flavell RA, Bowlus CL, Ansari AA, Gershwin ME. PMID: 16137611.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 49     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    190. T cell immunity and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Autoimmun Rev. 2006 Jan; 5(1):1-9. Ichiki Y, Bowlus CL, Shimoda S, Ishibashi H, Vierling JM, Gershwin ME. PMID: 16338205.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 24     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    191. Factors associated with advanced liver disease in adults with alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005 Apr; 3(4):390-6. Bowlus CL, Willner I, Zern MA, Reuben A, Chen P, Holladay B, Xie L, Woolson RF, Strange C. PMID: 15822045.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 24     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    192. The immunobiology of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Autoimmun Rev. 2005 Mar; 4(3):137-43. Aoki CA, Bowlus CL, Gershwin ME. PMID: 15823499.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 26     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    193. T cell immunity in autoimmune hepatitis. Autoimmun Rev. 2005 Jun; 4(5):315-21. Ichiki Y, Aoki CA, Bowlus CL, Shimoda S, Ishibashi H, Gershwin ME. PMID: 15990080.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 47     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    194. An adult case of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia presenting as hepatic dysfunction. Dig Liver Dis. 2005 Mar; 37(3):206-10. Aoki CA, Bowlus CL, Rossaro L. PMID: 15888287.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    195. Liver hepcidin mRNA correlates with iron stores, but not inflammation, in patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2005 Jan; 39(1):71-4. Aoki CA, Rossaro L, Ramsamooj R, Brandhagen D, Burritt MF, Bowlus CL. PMID: 15599216.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 24     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    196. Prss16 is not required for T-cell development. Mol Cell Biol. 2005 Jan; 25(2):789-96. Cheunsuk S, Lian ZX, Yang GX, Gershwin ME, Gruen JR, Bowlus CL. PMID: 15632078; PMCID: PMC543420.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    197. Transcription profile of Helicobacter pylori in the human stomach reflects its physiology in vivo. J Infect Dis. 2004 Sep 01; 190(5):946-56. Boonjakuakul JK, Syvanen M, Suryaprasad A, Bowlus CL, Solnick JV. PMID: 15295700.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 16     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    198. Obesity in BSB mice is correlated with expression of genes for iron homeostasis and leptin. Obes Res. 2004 Feb; 12(2):191-204. Farahani P, Chiu S, Bowlus CL, Boffelli D, Lee E, Fisler JS, Krauss RM, Warden CH. PMID: 14981211.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 9     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    199. Ascorbic acid does not increase the oxidative stress induced by dietary iron in C3H mice. J Nutr. 2004 Feb; 134(2):435-8. Premkumar K, Bowlus CL. PMID: 14747685.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 8     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    200. Ascorbic acid reduces the frequency of iron induced micronuclei in bone marrow cells of mice. Mutat Res. 2003 Dec 09; 542(1-2):99-103. Premkumar K, Bowlus CL. PMID: 14644358.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    201. Iron supplementation during infancy--effects on expression of iron transporters, iron absorption, and iron utilization in rat pups. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003 Dec; 78(6):1203-11. Leong WI, Bowlus CL, Tallkvist J, Lönnerdal B. PMID: 14668284.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 22     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    202. Myeloperoxidase-positive inflammatory cells participate in bile duct damage in primary biliary cirrhosis through nitric oxide-mediated reactions. Hepatology. 2003 Oct; 38(4):1018-25. Wu CT, Eiserich JP, Ansari AA, Coppel RL, Balasubramanian S, Bowlus CL, Gershwin ME, Van De Water J. PMID: 14512889.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 15     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    203. DMT1 and FPN1 expression during infancy: developmental regulation of iron absorption. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2003 Dec; 285(6):G1153-61. Leong WI, Bowlus CL, Tallkvist J, Lönnerdal B. PMID: 12958019.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 21     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    204. Discussion of the role of hemochromatosis susceptibility gene mutation in protecting against iron deficiency in celiac disease. Gastroenterology. 2003 May; 124(5):1562-3; author reply 1564. Bowlus CL, Lie BA. PMID: 12744238.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    205. Effect of iron treatment on nickel absorption and gene expression of the divalent metal transporter (DMT1) by human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Pharmacol Toxicol. 2003 Mar; 92(3):121-4. Tallkvist J, Bowlus CL, Lönnerdal B. PMID: 12753426.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 11     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    206. The role of iron in T cell development and autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev. 2003 Mar; 2(2):73-8. Bowlus CL. PMID: 12848962.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 34     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    207. Analysis of the IDDM candidate gene Prss16 in NOD and NON mice. Dev Immunol. 2002 Dec; 9(4):183-6. Cheunsuk S, Hsu T, Gershwin ME, Bowlus CL. PMID: 15144014; PMCID: PMC2276111.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    208. Polymorphisms in the gene encoding thymus-specific serine protease in the extended HLA complex: a potential candidate gene for autoimmune and HLA-associated diseases. Genes Immun. 2002 Aug; 3(5):306-12. Lie BA, Akselsen HE, Bowlus CL, Gruen JR, Thorsby E, Undlien DE. PMID: 12140752.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    209. Expression, genomic structure and mapping of the thymus specific protease prss16: a candidate gene for insulin dependent diabetes mellitus susceptibility. J Autoimmun. 2002 Jun; 18(4):311-6. Cheunsuk S, Sparks R, Noveroske JK, Hsu T, Justice MJ, Gershwin ME, Gruen JR, Bowlus CL. PMID: 12144812.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    210. Costs of hepatitis C. Arch Intern Med. 2001 Oct 08; 161(18):2231-7. Leigh JP, Bowlus CL, Leistikow BN, Schenker M. PMID: 11575980.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 24     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    211. DMT1 gene expression and cadmium absorption in human absorptive enterocytes. Toxicol Lett. 2001 Jun 20; 122(2):171-7. Tallkvist J, Bowlus CL, Lönnerdal B. PMID: 11439223.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 31     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    212. Granular cells as a marker of early amiodarone hepatotoxicity. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2000 Oct; 31(3):241-3. Jain D, Bowlus CL, Anderson JM, Robert ME. PMID: 11034006.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    213. An unfermented gel component of psyllium seed husk promotes laxation as a lubricant in humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Sep; 72(3):784-9. Marlett JA, Kajs TM, Fischer MH. PMID: 10966900.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 10     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    214. Functional and molecular responses of human intestinal Caco-2 cells to iron treatment. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Sep; 72(3):770-5. Tallkvist J, Bowlus CL, Lönnerdal B. PMID: 10966897.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    215. Cloning of a novel MHC-encoded serine peptidase highly expressed by cortical epithelial cells of the thymus. Cell Immunol. 1999 Sep 15; 196(2):80-6. Bowlus CL, Ahn J, Chu T, Gruen JR. PMID: 10527559.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 19     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    216. Human gamma-aminobutyric acid B receptor gene: complementary DNA cloning, expression, chromosomal location, and genomic organization. Biol Psychiatry. 1998 Oct 15; 44(8):659-66. Goei VL, Choi J, Ahn J, Bowlus CL, Raha-Chowdhury R, Gruen JR. PMID: 9798068.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    217. FISH-Mapped CEPH YACs spanning 0 to 46 cM on human chromosome 6. Genomics. 1996 Aug 15; 36(1):104-11. Bray-Ward P, Bowlus C, Choi J, Paslier DL, Weissenbach J, Gruen JR. PMID: 8812421.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    218. A transcription map of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I region. Genomics. 1996 Aug 15; 36(1):70-85. Gruen JR, Nalabolu SR, Chu TW, Bowlus C, Fan WF, Goei VL, Wei H, Sivakamasundari R, Liu Y, Xu HX, Parimoo S, Nallur G, Ajioka R, Shukla H, Bray-Ward P, Pan J, Weissman SM. PMID: 8812418.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 8     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    219. Characterization of three different elements in the 5'-flanking region of the fibronectin gene which mediate a transcriptional response to cAMP. J Biol Chem. 1991 Jan 15; 266(2):1122-7. Bowlus CL, McQuillan JJ, Dean DC. PMID: 1845987.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 15     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    220. Cloning and analysis of the promotor region of the human fibronectin gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Apr; 84(7):1876-80. Dean DC, Bowlus CL, Bourgeois S. PMID: 3031656; PMCID: PMC304544.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 33     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
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